Specialty Imaging: Temporomandibular Joint and Sleep-Disordered Breathing

2nd Edition - March 9, 2023
Author: Dania Tamimi
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 7 7 4 8 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 7 7 4 9 - 7

Meticulously updated by board-certified oral and maxillofacial radiologist, Dr. Dania Tamimi and her team of sub-specialty experts, Specialty Imaging: Temporomandibular Joint and… Read more

Specialty Imaging: Temporomandibular Joint and Sleep-Disordered Breathing

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Meticulously updated by board-certified oral and maxillofacial radiologist, Dr. Dania Tamimi and her team of sub-specialty experts, Specialty Imaging: Temporomandibular Joint and Sleep-Disordered Breathing, second edition, is a comprehensive reference ideal for anyone involved with TMJ imaging or SDB, including oral and maxillofacial radiologists and surgeons, TMJ/craniofacial pain specialists, sleep medicine specialists, head and neck radiologists, and otolaryngologists. This detailed, beautifully illustrated volume covers recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of both the TMJ and SDB, including how related structures are affected. Employing a multifaceted, multispecialty approach, the clinical perspectives and imaging expertise of today’s research specialists are brought together in a single, image-rich, easy-to-read text.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Additional Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgements
Sections
ABBREVIATIONS INDEX
List of Tables
SECTION 1: UNDERSTANDING TMJ AND UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Chapter 1: Embryology and Fetal Development of Face and Neck
Chapter 2: TMJ Embryology
Chapter 3: Upper Respiratory Tract Embryology
Chapter 4: TMJ Effect on Facial Growth
Chapter 5: TMJ Effect on Upper Respiratory Tract Morphology
FUNCTION AND BIOMECHANICS
Chapter 6: Occlusion and Orthopedic Stability
Chapter 7: Levers and Kinesiology of the Masticatory System
Chapter 8: Jaw Function, Dysfunction, and TMJ Biomechanics
Chapter 9: 4D Mandibular Movements
Chapter 10: Tensegrity and the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 11: Tensegrity and the TMJ/AOJ Posture
Chapter 12: The Tricentric Concept of Occlusion
Chapter 13: Structure of Mandibular Condyle and Related TMJ Biomechanics
Chapter 14: Structure and Function of TMJ Disc and Disc Attachments
Chapter 15: Modeling and Remodeling of TMJ and Mandible
Chapter 16: Biodynamics of Upper Respiratory Tract
SECTION 2: ANATOMY
TMJ
Chapter 17: TMJ Osseous Components
Chapter 18: TMJ Disc/Fibrocartilage
Chapter 19: TMJ Capsule and Ligaments
Chapter 20: TMJ Histology and Synovial Fluid Composition
Chapter 21: TMJ Innervation
Chapter 22: TMJ Vasculature
MUSCLES
Chapter 23: Muscles of Mastication
Chapter 24: Facial Muscles and Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System
Chapter 25: Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid Neck
Chapter 26: Tongue
Chapter 27: Posterior Cervical Muscles
JAWS
Chapter 28: Mandible
Chapter 29: Maxilla
Chapter 30: Teeth
TEMPORAL BONE
Chapter 31: Temporal Bone
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
Chapter 32: Sinonasal Overview
Chapter 33: Ostiomeatal Unit
Chapter 34: Frontal Recess and Related Air Cells
Chapter 35: Nasopharynx and Oropharynx
Chapter 36: Hypopharynx
SKULL BASE
Chapter 37: Skull Base Overview
Chapter 38: Anterior Skull Base
Chapter 39: Central Skull Base
Chapter 40: Posterior Skull Base
CRANIAL NERVES RELATED TO TMJ
Chapter 41: Cranial Nerves Overview
Chapter 42: Trigeminal Nerve (CNV)
Chapter 43: Facial Nerve (CNVII)
Chapter 44: Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)
Chapter 45: Vagus Nerve (CNX)
Chapter 46: Accessory Nerve (CNXI)
Chapter 47: Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII)
CERVICAL SPINE AND OTHERS
Chapter 48: Cervical Spine
Chapter 49: Craniocervical Junction
Chapter 50: Styloid Process and Stylohyoid Ligament
Chapter 51: Hyoid Bone
SECTION 3: MODALITIES USED FOR TMJ AND UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT IMAGING
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
Chapter 52: Imaging Decision Making
HARD TISSUE IMAGING
Chapter 53: Plain Film Imaging of TMJ
Chapter 54: Plain Film Imaging of Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 55: Arthrography
Chapter 56: Introduction to CBCT Imaging
Chapter 57: CBCT Analysis of TMJ
Chapter 58: CBCT Analysis of Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 59: Radiation Dose in CBCT
Chapter 60: Introduction to MDCT Imaging
Chapter 61: MCDT Image Acquisition and Processing for TMJ and Airway Analysis
SOFT TISSUE IMAGING
Chapter 62: Introduction to MR Imaging
Chapter 63: Dynamic MR of TMJ and Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 64: Quantitative MR of Cartilage and Implications for TMJ Imaging
Chapter 65: Introduction to US Imaging
Chapter 66: US of TMJ and Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 67: Arthroscopy
SECTION 4: TMJ DIAGNOSES
CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF TMD
Chapter 68: Correlation of Clinical Symptoms of TMD to Radiographic Findings
Chapter 69: Functional Disorders of Muscles
Chapter 70: Intracapsular Disorders of TMJ
CONGENITAL CONDITIONS
Chapter 71: Craniofacial Malformations and Syndromes Affecting TMJ
Chapter 72: Hemifacial Microsomia
Chapter 73: Pierre Robin Sequence
Chapter 74: Treacher Collins Syndrome
DEVELOPMENTAL CONDITIONS
Chapter 75: Condylar Hypoplasia
Chapter 76: Condylar Hyperplasia
Chapter 77: Coronoid Hyperplasia
Chapter 78: Hemimandibular Elongation
Chapter 79: Mandibular Salivary Gland Defect (Stafne)
Chapter 80: Foramen Tympanicum
TRAUMA
Chapter 81: TMJ Fracture, Adult and Neonatal
Chapter 82: TMJ Dislocation
Chapter 83: Bifid Condyle
Chapter 84: Osteochondritis Dissecans
INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS
Chapter 85: Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chapter 86: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Chapter 87: Septic Arthritis
Chapter 88: Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
Chapter 89: Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis
DEGENERATIVE CONDITIONS
Chapter 90: Degenerative Joint Disease
Chapter 91: Idiopathic Condylar Resorption
Chapter 92: Synovial Cyst
Chapter 93: TMJ Ganglion Cyst
DISC DERANGEMENT CONDITIONS
Chapter 94: MR Analysis of Normal TMJ Disc
Chapter 95: Fine Structural Details of Disc and Posterior Attachment
Chapter 96: Overview of Disc Displacements
Chapter 97: Disc Displacement With Reduction
Chapter 98: Disc Displacement Without Reduction
Chapter 99: Joint Fluid and Marrow Alterations
Chapter 100: Adhesions
Chapter 101: US of TMJ Internal Derangement
ACQUIRED CONDITIONS
Chapter 102: Dual Bite
Chapter 103: Posterior Tooth Fulcrum Formation
Chapter 104: Fibrous Ankylosis
Chapter 105: Bony Ankylosis
Chapter 106: Osteoradionecrosis
TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS
Chapter 107: Primary Synovial Chondromatosis
Chapter 108: Secondary Synovial Chondromatosis
Chapter 109: Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition
BENIGN NEOPLASMS
Chapter 110: Osteochondroma
Chapter 111: Osteoma
MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
Chapter 112: Chondrosarcoma
Chapter 113: Osteosarcoma
Chapter 114: Metastasis
MISCELLANEOUS
Chapter 115: Simple Bone Cyst
Chapter 116: Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Chapter 117: Fibrous Dysplasia
OCCLUSAL STRESS-RELATED CONDITIONS
Chapter 118: Attrition
Chapter 119: Abfraction
Chapter 120: Hypercementosis
Chapter 121: Cemental Fractures
Chapter 122: Alveolar Process Exostosis
Chapter 123: Torus Mandibularis
Chapter 124: Torus Palatinus
SECTION 5: TMJ DISORDER MIMICS
ORAL CONDITIONS AFFECTING/MIMICKING TMD
Chapter 125: Odontogenic Infection of Pulpal Origin
Chapter 126: Oral Cavity Soft Tissue Infections
Chapter 127: Osteomyelitis of Jaw
Chapter 128: Perineural Tumor Spread
TMD AND TEMPORAL BONE ABNORMALITIES
Chapter 129: Temporal Bone and Cervical Disorders Mimicking TMD
Chapter 130: Temporal Bone Anatomy and Imaging Issues
Chapter 131: EAC-Acquired Cholesteatoma
Chapter 132: Necrotizing External Otitis
Chapter 133: Keratosis Obturans
Chapter 134: EAC Osteoma
Chapter 135: Medial Canal Fibrosis
Chapter 136: EAC Basal Cell Carcinoma
Chapter 137: EAC Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Chapter 138: Acute Otomastoiditis With Abscess
Chapter 139: Acute Otomastoiditis With Coalescent Otomastoiditis
Chapter 140: Labyrinthitis
Chapter 141: Pars Flaccida Cholesteatoma
Chapter 142: Temporal Bone Fibrous Dysplasia
Chapter 143: Temporal Bone Fractures
Chapter 144: Temporal Bone Perineural Parotid Malignancy
CERVICAL SPINE ABNORMALITIES RELATED TO TMD OR SDB
Chapter 145: Degenerative Arthritis of CVJ
Chapter 146: Cervical Spondylosis
Chapter 147: Cervical Facet Arthropathy
Chapter 148: Ankylosing Spondylitis
Chapter 149: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Cervical Spine
Chapter 150: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Cervical Spine
Chapter 151: Ligamentous Injury
Chapter 152: Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Chapter 153: Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
Chapter 154: Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition, Cervical Spine
Chapter 155: Longus Colli Calcific Tendinitis
MASTICATOR SPACE CONDITIONS
Chapter 156: Masticator Space Overview
Chapter 157: Pterygoid Venous Plexus Asymmetry
Chapter 158: Benign Masticator Muscle Hypertrophy
Chapter 159: CNV3 Motor Denervation
Chapter 160: Masticator Space Abscess
Chapter 161: Masticator Space CNV3 Schwannoma
Chapter 162: Masticator Space CNV3 Perineural Tumor
Chapter 163: Masticator Space Chondrosarcoma
Chapter 164: Masticator Space Sarcoma
NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
Chapter 165: Bell Palsy
Chapter 166: Hemifacial Spasm
Chapter 167: Trigeminal Neuralgia
SECTION 6: SDB-RELATED UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT DIAGNOSES
CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF SDB
Chapter 168: Classification of SDB Disorders
Chapter 169: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of SDB
Chapter 170: Correlation of Clinical Symptoms of SDB to Radiographic Findings
Chapter 171: Nasal Risk Factors for SDB
Chapter 172: Paranasal Sinus Risk Factors for SDB
Chapter 173: Nasopharyngeal Risk Factors for SDB
Chapter 174: Oropharyngeal Risk Factors for SDB
Chapter 175: Cervical Spine-Related Risk Factors for SDB
CONGENITAL CONDITIONS THAT CARRY RISK FOR SDB
Chapter 176: Cleft Lip and Palate
Chapter 177: Craniosynostoses (Crouzon)
Chapter 178: Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
Chapter 179: Klippel-Feil Spectrum
Chapter 180: Mucopolysaccharidosis
Chapter 181: CHARGE Syndrome
Chapter 182: Cherubism
SINONASAL COMPLEX ENTITIES THAT NARROW AIRWAY
Chapter 183: Nasal Cycle, Normal Physiology
ANOMALIES AND CONGENITAL CONDITIONS, SINONASAL
Chapter 184: Deviated Nasal Septum
Chapter 185: Concha Bullosa
Chapter 186: Accessory Ostia
Chapter 187: Sinus Hypoplasia/Aplasia
Chapter 188: Nasolacrimal Duct Mucocele
Chapter 189: Choanal Atresia
Chapter 190: Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis
Chapter 191: Nasal Glioma
Chapter 192: Nasal Dermal Sinus
Chapter 193: Frontoethmoidal Cephalocele
Chapter 194: Upper Airway Infantile Hemangioma
Chapter 195: Skull Base CSF Leak
INFLAMMATORY CHANGES, SINONASAL
Chapter 196: Acute Rhinosinusitis
Chapter 197: Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Chapter 198: Allergic Fungal Sinusitis
Chapter 199: Odontogenic Sinusitis
Chapter 200: Sinus Mycetoma
Chapter 201: Invasive Fungal Sinusitis
Chapter 202: Sinonasal Polyposis
Chapter 203: Solitary Sinonasal Polyp
Chapter 204: Sinonasal Mucocele
Chapter 205: Mucus Retention Pseudocyst
Chapter 206: Sinonasal Organized Hematoma
Chapter 207: Silent Sinus Syndrome
Chapter 208: Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener)
Chapter 209: Nasal Cocaine Necrosis
BENIGN LESIONS, SINONASAL
Chapter 210: Sinonasal Fibrous Dysplasia
Chapter 211: Sinonasal Osteoma
Chapter 212: Sinonasal Ossifying Fibroma
Chapter 213: Juvenile Angiofibroma
Chapter 214: Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma
Chapter 215: Sinonasal Hemangioma
Chapter 216: Sinonasal Nerve Sheath Tumor
Chapter 217: Sinonasal Benign Mixed Tumor
MALIGNANT LESIONS, SINONASAL
Chapter 218: Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Chapter 219: Esthesioneuroblastoma
Chapter 220: Sinonasal Melanoma
Chapter 221: Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma
Chapter 222: Sinonasal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Chapter 223: Sinonasal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Chapter 224: Sinonasal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Chapter 225: Sinonasal Chondrosarcoma
Chapter 226: Sinonasal Osteosarcoma
Chapter 227: Rhabdomyosarcoma
Chapter 228: Skull Base Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
NASOPHARYNGEAL ENTITIES THAT NARROW AIRWAY
ANOMALIES AND CONGENITAL CONDITIONS, NASOPHARYNX
Chapter 229: Tornwaldt Cyst
Chapter 230: Fossa Navicularis Magna
Chapter 231: Persistent Craniopharyngeal Canal
INFLAMMATORY CHANGES, NASOPHARYNX
Chapter 232: Suppurative Adenopathy of Retropharyngeal Space
Chapter 233: Adenoid Vegetation/Hypertrophy
BENIGN LESIONS, NASOPHARYNX
Chapter 234: Benign Mixed Tumor of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space
Chapter 235: Plexiform Neurofibroma of Head and Neck
Chapter 236: Posttransplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorder
Chapter 237: Sinus Histiocytosis (Rosai-Dorfman) of Head and Neck
Chapter 238: Invasive Pituitary Macroadenoma
MALIGNANT LESIONS, NASOPHARYNX
Chapter 239: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Chapter 240: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space
Chapter 241: Extraosseous Chordoma
Chapter 242: Skull Base Plasmacytoma
OROPHARYNGEAL ENTITIES THAT NARROW AIRWAY
ANOMALIES AND CONGENITAL CONDITIONS, OROPHARYNX
Chapter 243: Congenital Vallecular Cyst
Chapter 244: Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
Chapter 245: Lingual Thyroid
INFLAMMATORY CHANGES, OROPHARYNX
Chapter 246: Retropharyngeal Space Abscess
Chapter 247: Retention Cyst of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space
Chapter 248: Tonsillar Inflammation
Chapter 249: Tonsillar/Peritonsillar Abscess
BENIGN LESIONS, OROPHARYNX
Chapter 250: Parotid Benign Mixed Tumor
Chapter 251: Carotid Space Schwannoma
Chapter 252: Parapharyngeal Space Benign Mixed Tumor
MALIGNANT LESIONS, OROPHARYNX
Chapter 253: Parotid Malignant Mixed Tumor
Chapter 254: Nodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Retropharyngeal Space
Chapter 255: Minor Salivary Gland Malignancy of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space
Chapter 256: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Head and Neck
Chapter 257: Base of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Chapter 258: Palatine Tonsil Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Chapter 259: Nodal Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Retropharyngeal Space
Chapter 260: Soft Palate Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Chapter 261: HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
SECTION 7: TMJ RADIOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES
CONDYLAR POSITION
Chapter 262: Anterior Condylar Position
Chapter 263: Posterior Condylar Position
Chapter 264: Superior Condylar Position
Chapter 265: Inferior Condylar Position
CHANGES IN CONDYLAR AND CORONOID SIZE
Chapter 266: Small Condyle
Chapter 267: Large Condyle
Chapter 268: Large Coronoid Process
CONDYLAR EROSION
Chapter 269: Well-Defined Erosion
Chapter 270: Poorly Defined Erosion
CHANGES IN TMJ DENSITY
Chapter 271: TMJ Low-Density Entities
Chapter 272: TMJ High-Density Entities
MISCELLANEOUS
Chapter 273: Calcifications Associated With the TMJ
Chapter 274: Soft Tissue Calcifications, Head and Neck
SECTION 8: TMJ CLINICAL DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES
RANGE OF MOTION
Chapter 275: Limited Oral Opening
Chapter 276: Hypermobility
SOUNDS
Chapter 277: Joint Sounds
Chapter 278: Tinnitus
OCCLUSION/SYMMETRY CHANGES
Chapter 279: Asymmetry
Chapter 280: Anterior Open Bite
Chapter 281: Posterior Open Bite
SECTION 9: SDB RISK FACTORS, RADIOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES
NASAL CAVITY AND PARANASAL SINUSES
Chapter 282: Blocked Nasal Valves
Chapter 283: Large Nasal Turbinates
Chapter 284: Sinonasal Fibroosseous and Cartilaginous Lesions
Chapter 285: Paranasal Sinus Lesions Without Bony Destruction
Chapter 286: Paranasal Sinus Lesions With Bony Destruction
Chapter 287: Perforated Nasal Septum
Chapter 288: Nasal Lesion Without Bony Destruction
Chapter 289: Nasal Lesion With Bony Destruction
NASOPHARYNX
Chapter 290: Soft Tissue Entities in Nasopharynx
OROPHARYNX
Chapter 291: Soft Tissue Enlargement of Lateral Pharyngeal Wall
Chapter 292: Soft Tissue Between Tongue and Epiglottis
SECTION 10: SDB RISK FACTORS, CLINICAL DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES
CHANGES IN CRANIOFACIAL MORPHOLOGY AND POSITION
Chapter 293: Convex Facial Profile
Chapter 294: Small Maxilla
Chapter 295: Forward Head Posture
CHANGES IN BREATHING PATTERN
Chapter 296: Nasal Obstruction
CHANGES IN TEETH
Chapter 297: Flared and Proclined Teeth
Chapter 298: Crossbite
OTHER FACIAL CHANGES
Chapter 299: Dark Circles Under Eyes
SECTION 11: IMAGING OF TMJ PROCEDURES
OROFACIAL PAIN AND TMJ INJECTIONS
Chapter 300: TMJ Injection
Chapter 301: Trigeminal Nerve Injection
Chapter 302: Scalp Block for Migraines and Facial Pain
Chapter 303: Trigger Points
TMJ SURGERY
Chapter 304: Total Joint Replacement
Chapter 305: TMJ Disc Replacement
Chapter 306: TMJ Arthroscopic Surgery Cascade
SECTION 12: IMAGING OF SURGICAL PROCEDURES FOR SDB
SINONASAL PROCEDURES
Chapter 307: Septoplasty and Turbinate Reduction
Chapter 308: Adenoidectomy
Chapter 309: Tonsillectomy
MAXILLARY-MANDIBULAR ADVANCEMENT
Chapter 310: Introduction to Orthognathic Surgery
Chapter 311: LeFort 1 Osteotomy
Chapter 312: Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomies
Chapter 313: MMA for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
INDEX