Space Research

Contents

Foreword

Preface

Highlights of Recent Space Research

A Review of Space Research, 1976 - 1977

Remote Sensing of the Earth's Environment

Surface

The Depression of Remotely-Sensed Surface Temperatures by a Dust-Laden Tropical Atmosphere

Interet de la Teledetection de la Couleur de l!Eau de Mer Pour l'Etude des Suspensions Marines

Forest Fire Fuel Mapping from LANDSAT

Atmosphere

Antarctic Ice Topography and 150 mb Circulation from the Nimbus-6 Twer le Experiment

The Impact of Satellite Observed Temperature Profiles on Numerical Forecasts of the Israel Meteorological Service

Temperature Distribution from Radiosonde and Satellite Measurements

Comparison of the High-Resolution Infra-Red Sounder Temperature

Information with Radiosonde/Rocketsonde Data

Relative Atmosphere Aerosol Content f rom ERTS Observations

The Sensitivity Requirements for the Determination of Desert Aerosols from Space

Influence of the Atmosphere on the Contrast of the Landsat Images

Satellite Geodesy

Co-operation in Satellite Geodesy in the Frame of the Intercosmos Programme

Photographic Tracking of Geostationary Satellites for Geodetic Purposes

GEOS-3 Altimetry Reductions in the Australia — New Zealand Region

Ocean Geodesy Based on GEOS-3 Satellite Altimetry Data

Atmospheric Response to Solar and Geomagnetic Activity

Solar Variability and the Low and Middle Atmosphere

The Kinetic Energy Index and the Sun-Weather Question

The Effect of UV Variability on Stratospheric Thermal Structure and Trace Constituents 95

Estimates of the Stratospheric Temperature Variation in Response to Changes of the Flux of Solar UV Radiation

Calibration of Instruments to Study Solar Radiation

Status of VUV Radiometric Calibration of Space Experiments

Stratospheric Observations

The Major Midwinter Warming 1976/77; Discussion of the Main Circulation Features

Electrical Conductivity Measurements in the Stratosphere Using Balloon and Parachute-Borne Blunt Probes

Winter Anomaly Studies from Arenosillo

Results of Conductivity, Ion Mobility and Ion Concentration Measurements Taken with a Parachute Gerdien Condenser Experiment During the Winter Anomaly Campaign

Temperature and Ozone Profiles Comparison

Large Scale Dynamics Observed During the Western Europe Winter Anomaly Campaign 1975/76 from Wind, Temperature and Absorption Observations

D-Region Positive Ion Composition Measurements and the Winter Anomaly in Ionospheric Absorption

Composition of the Mid-Latitude Winter Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere

Winter Anomaly Studies from Wallops Island

Middle Atmosphere Ion Measurements During January 1976

Atmospheric Thermal Structure During a Winter Anomaly Absorption Event

Mesospheric Dynamics Measured During the 1976 "Winter Anomaly" Campaign

D-Region Ion Composition During the Winter Anomaly Campaign on January 8, 1977

Local Time Variations

On the Local Time Variation of Atmospheric-Ionospheric Disturbances

Satellite-Borne Accelerometer Results

Radiation Pressure Determination with the Cactus Accelerometer

First Analysis of 9 Months Data Obtained with the Low-G Accelerometer Cactus

Lower Thermosphère Response to Geomagnetic Activity

The Thermosphere

Recent Observations of Neutral Species

Spectrometric Measurement of the Atomic Oxygen 63μ Line Intensities 80 km and 180 km

On the Additional Lyman-á Absorber in the Winter Thermosphere

Observations of the Daytime Helium Geocorona with a Rocket-Borne Helium Resonance Cell

Thermospheric Models

The Role of Eddy Turbulence for Long Period Variations of Upper Atmospheric Density

Global Thermospheric Models of Neutral Density, Exospheric Temperature and Turbopause Height

Thermospheric Seasonal-Latitudinal Variations of Four Major Atmospheric Constituents from ESRO 4 Gas-Analyzer Measurements

A New Three-Dimensional Thermospheric Model Based on Satellite Drag Data

Global Exospheric Temperatures from ESRO 4 Scale Height Measurements

Exobase

Latitudinal and Diurnal Variations of Atomic Hydrogen Density Near the Exobase

Collision-Determined Hydrogen Escape Rates and Hydrogen Density Variations at the Exobase

The Ionosphere

Aeros Results

Fitting of CIRA Profiles with EUV absorption Measurements in the Terrestrial Atmosphere

World-Wide Description of Ionospheric Topside Electron Density

Ion Composition and Temperature Distribution from AEROS-B

High Latitude Structures in Ionospheric Plasma

Electron Temperature Model Derived from AEROS-A

Ion Composition

Summer Daytime Positive Ion Composition in the D-Region Above Wallops Island

Metal Ions and Isotopes in Sporadic E-Layers During the Perseid Meteor Shower

Effective Coefficients in D-Region Theory

Ion Composition Variation at Altitudes of 100 - 170 km Based on Rocket Experiments

Equatorial Ionosphere

Rocket Observations of Electron Density Irregularities in the Equatorial E Region

Electron Temperature in the Equatorial E Region Measured by Two Rocket Experiments and by Incoherent Scatter

N0+ Ions in the Equatorial Ionosphere

Longitudinal Specifics of Irregularity Distribution in the Equatorial Ionosphere

Correlation of the Ionisation Anomaly with the Intensity of the Electrojet

Electron Plasma Resonances Detected by a Mutual Admittance Probe in the Equatorial Ionosphere

F-Region Oscillations Produced by Sudden Commencements of Geomagnetic Storms

The Magnetosphere

Electric Fields and Wave-Particle Interactions

Auroral Zone Electric Field Measurements with Balloons

Study of an Ionospheric Bay Disturbance in Correlation with High-Energy Electron Measurements on Satellite Cosmos-348

Satellite Observations of Protons Involved in the Generation of IPDP and Pc 1

Propagation of Pc 1 Micropulsations in Horizontal Ionospheric Ducts

Energetic Charged Particles

A Rocket-Ground Study of Electron Precipitation in the Cleft Region

Energetic Electrons in the Outer Magnetosphere at Mid to High Latitudes

Composition of the Hot Plasma in the Inner Magnetosphere: Observations and Theoretical Analysis of Protons, Helium Ions and Oxygen Ions

Solar Particle Entry to Synchronous Orbit

Geomegnetic Activity and Interplanetary Magnetic Field Orientation

Interplanetary Magnetic Field and Geomagnetic Activity

The Sun and the Interplanetary Medium

Solar Flares

The Dynamic X-Ray Corona

Dynamical Behavior of Coronal Cavities, Prominence Material and Magnetic Field

Solar X-Ray Transients in Magnetically Confined Plasma: Observational Data and Hydrodynamic Model

Two-Dimensional Force-Free Magnetic Fields as Flare Models

The Telemetry of SOLRAD 11 Satellites, at Arcetri, During Spring 1976

X-Ray Flaring Region Observed by Means of SOLRAD 11 B Experiments

Solar Energetic Charged Particles

The Source of Solar and Interplanetary Particle Events

The Primary Spectrum of Suprathermal Solar Particles

Solar Particle Production During the 1976 Solar Minimum

Prediction of the Solar Proton Time-Intensity Profiles for the 30 April 1976 Event

Corona and Solar Wind

Comparison of Coronal Structure Deduced from Faraday Rotation Measurements with Solar Radio Maps at 2.8 and 11 cm

Evolution of He4/He3 in Lunar Samples as Evidence for Decreasing Solar Activity

Solar Helium Resonance Radiation and Interaction of Interplanetary Medium with Interstellar Medium

Spectrophotometric Observations of Geocoronal and Interplanetary Helium Resonance Radiation

The Velocity Distribution of Interplanetary Neutral Gases and its Effect on the Interplanetary Resonance Radiation

Derivation of Interstellar Helium Gas Parameters From an EUV-Rocket Observation

Interstellar Wind Parameters Derived From the Distribution of Interplanetary Solar Resonance Radiation

Heliosphere Interaction with the Interstellar Gas

Cosmic Dust

Spectrum of Zodiacal Light

Absolute Ultraviolet Spectrum of the Zodiacal Light from an Instrument Aboard the D2B French Astronomical Satellite

Interplanetary Dust

Temporal and Spatial Variations of the Interplanetary Dust Flux

Distribution of Hyperbolic Cosmic Dust in the Vicinity of Earth

The Mass Distribution Indices of Interplanetary Particles

New Lunar Microcrater Evidence Against a Time Varying Meteoroid Flux

The Role of Accretionary Particles on Lunar Exposure and Ageing Processes: Lunar Dust Slows Lunar Clocks

The Role of Accretionary Particles in the Approach to Lunar Equilibrium Topology

Moon and Planets

Gravitational Fields

Gravitational Fields of Planets and the Moon

Microwave Absorption Characteristics of the Clouds of Venus from Mariner 10 Radio Occultation

The Envelopes of Jupiter and Saturn

Propagation of Radio Waves in the Atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn

The Albedo of Titan

Astronomy

Soft X-Ray Diffuse Component and the Hot Interstellar Medium

Results from the Indian Scientific Satellite Aryabhata — (a) Flux of High Energy Albedo Neutrons at 600 km and (b) Cosmic Gamma Ray Measurements in Space

Star Mapping with E.R.C. Experiment in Aura French Astronomical Satellite

Ultraviolet Photometry of Sky Background and Stars from the Anti-Solar Instrument Aboard the French Satellite D2B-Aura: Preliminary Results

Materials Science Under Micro-Gravity Conditions

Critical Phenomena in a Low Gravity Environment

On the Possibility of Measuring the Soret Coefficient under Zero Gravity Conditions: A Preliminary Stability Analysis

Deplacement D'un Liquide Dans un Tube Capillaire en Microgravitation

Tensions Superficielles de Métaux et Alliages Liquides

Floating Zone-Equilibrium Shapes and Stability Criteria

Flow Phenomena in Gravitationless Melting Zones in the Presence of Electromagnetic Fields

Vapor Growth and Transport Rates of IV-VI Compounds in Micro-Gravity

Technological Experiments Exposed to Low Gravity During Sounding Rocket Flights - Project TEXUS

Material Science Investigations to be Performed with the Spacelab Fluid Physics Module

Reassessment of Space Electrophoresis

Author Index