Solid State Physics for Metallurgists

List of TablesForewordTheory Chapter I. The Atom Introduction to Quantum Mechanics The Schrödinger Equation The Hydrogen Atom The Heisenberg uncertainty principle Problems The Helium Atom Hartree Self-Consistent Field Pauli Exclusion Principle Building Up the Periodic Table The Properties of the Elements in the Periodic Table Problems Chapter Summary Chapter II. The Molecule and the Solid The Hydrogen Molecule Other Molecules Theoretical Approach to More Complicated Molecules Summary Problems Electron Theory of Solids, Lithium Metal Various Methods for Solving the Schrödinger Equation for Crystals Free Electron Theory The Bonding Electrons in the Periodic Table Crystal Field Theory; Liquids The Bonding Electrons in Transition Metals and Rare Earth Metals Electronic Origin of Magnetism Problems Chapter III. Temperature and Pressure The Meaning of Temperature The Harmonic Oscillator The Anharmonic Oscillator Coupled Harmonic Oscillators How to Determine the Eigenvalues of a Crystal One Dimensional Chain of Atoms Normal Modes in Three Dimensions Thermodynamics Debye Theory Frequency Spectrum for Vanadium Phonons Elastic Constants Electronic Specific Heat Fermi-Dirac Function Magnetic Specific Heat, Spin Waves Thermodynamics of Phase Changes Effects of Pressure Liquids Problems Chapter Summary Chapter IV. The Nucleus Static Properties of the Nucleus Dynamical Properties of the Nucleus Problems Chapter SummaryExperiment Chapter V. Experimental Techniques Introduction Sample Preparation Analysis of Pure Metals Analysis of Alloys Problems Chapter Summary Chapter VI. Diffraction What can be Learned from Diffraction X-RAYS—X-ray Diffraction Equipment Crystal Structure Determinations Atomic Sizes in Alloys Short Range Order Long Range Order Theory of Ordering How to Determine the Electron Probability Distribution Experimental Difficulties, in Determining Electron Probability Distributions Converting the Structure Factor into an Electron Probability Distribution Determination of Electron Probability Distributions from Compton Scattering Thermal Scattering of X-rays NEUTRONS—Introduction to Neutron Diffraction Experimental Details Determining the Arrangement of Magnetic Moments in a Crystal The Magnetic Structure of the Transition Metals The Magnetic Structure of the Rare Earth Metals Ordered Alloys Size Effects Extinction Effects Diffuse Scattering Summary Determination of the Unpaired Electron Probability Distribution Neutron Diffraction of Nickel Neutron Magnetic Scattering of Iron Thermal Scattering of Neutrons Experimental Techniques Thermal Scattering from Silicon and Aluminum ELECTRONS—Introduction Electron Probability Distribution in Argon Gas Electron Diffraction of Molecules, Surfaces, etc. Problems Chapter summary Chapter VII. Spectroscopy of the Solid Introduction How Photons Interact with Solids Absorption of X-rays in Argon Emission of X-rays from Argon X-ray Emission from Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, and Ge Determination of the Density of States in Beryllium Fluorescent Yield Structure of X-ray Absorption Edge Satellites Experimental Techniques in X-ray Emission Optical Absorption in Diamond The Color and Band Structure of Copper and Silver Experimental Techniques in the Optical Region Problems Chapter Summary Chapter VIII. Transport Properties Introduction Types of Measurements Resistivity Magnetoresistance De Haas Van Alphen Effect Cyclotron Resonance Anomalous Skin Effect Hall Effect Thermoelectric Power Superconductivity Problems Chapter Summary Chapter IX. Thermodynamics and Cohesion Introduction Experimental Details of Specific Heat and Heat Content Measurements Analysis of the Specific Heat of Iron Low Temperature Specific Heat of Cobalt Nuclear Quadrupole Contribution to the Specific Heat Information Gained from Specific Heat Measurements Experimental Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Thermal Conductivity of Copper and Nickel Thermal Conductivity at Low Temperature Ultrasonic Experimental Technique Ultrasonic Attenuation in a Magnetic Field Thermodynamics and Cohesion of Alloys Hume-Rothery Rules Thermodynamics of Copper-Gold and Platinum-Gold Alloys Experimental Techniques Platinum-Gold Copper-Gold Pressure Measurements Problems Chapter Summary Chapter X. Magnetization Introduction Experimental Techniques Results of Measurements Orbital Diamagnetism Ferromagnetic Metals Antiferromagnetic Metals Paramagnetism Pauli Paramagnetism Orbital Diamagnetism Exchange Polarization of Electrons in Metallic Bands Van Vleck Paramagnetism Ferromagnetic Resonance Antiferromagnetic Resonance Paramagnetic Resonance of Transition Metal and Rare Earth Atoms Paramagnetic Resonance of Electrons at Fermi Level Einstein de Haas Effect Problems Chapter Summary Chapter XI. Nuclear Measurements Introduction Theoretical Background for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) How the Measurements are Made The Knight Shift in Lithium, Sodium and Beryllium The Knight Shift in Silver-Cadmium Alloys The Ferromagnetic Shift in Iron Pure Quadrupole Resonance in Gallium Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Knight Shift Intensity of Cold Worked Copper Intensity of the Resonance in Dilute Copper Alloys The Second Moment Anisotropic Knight Shift in Tin, Thallium, Cadium and Mercury Exchange Broadening in Silver Nuclear Resonance in Manganese Line Shape in Cold Worked Copper Diffusion in Sodium Theory of Diffusion Relaxation Times in Aluminum and Copper Overhauser Effect Theory of the Mössbauer Effect Mössbauer Effect in Iron Diffusion Studies with Radioactive Tracers Autoradiography Radiation Damage in Copper Elemental Analysis by Activation Radioactivity and its Health Hazard Van de Graaff Accelerators Positron Annihilation in Solids Problems Chapter Summary Chapter XII. Jig-Saw Puzzle; Problem in Synthesis Introduction Electronic Structure of Copper and Iron Solutions of the Schrödinger Equation for an Imperfect Crystal Problems Chapter SummaryAppendix I. Thermodynamics Tables Debye Entropy Debye Energy Debye Specific HeatAppendix II. Nuclear Tables Nuclear Magnetic Moments, Nuclear Quadrupole Moments, Nuclear Spins Absorption Cross Sections, Coherent Scattering Cross Sections, Total Scattering Cross Sections for Thermal NeutronsAppendix III. Suggested References Constants and Conversion Factors General References List of Symbols According to ChaptersIndex