Sex in Relation to Society

PrefaceChapter I. The Mother and Her Child The Child's Right to Choose Its Ancestry How This is Effected The Mother the Child's Supreme Parent Motherhood and the Woman Movement The Immense Importance of Motherhood Infant Mortality and Its Causes The Chief Cause in the Mother The Need of Rest during Pregnancy Frequency of Premature Birth The Function of the State Recent Advance in Puericulture The Question of Coitus during Pregnancy The Need of Rest during Lactation The Mother's Duty to Suckle Her Child The Economic Question The Duty of the State Recent Progress in the Protection of the Mother The Fallacy of State NurseriesChapter II. Sexual Education Nurture as Necessary as Breed Precocious Manifestations of the Sexual Impulse Are They to be Regarded as Normal? The Sexual Play of Children The Emotion of Love in Childhood Are Town Children, More Precocious Sexually than Country Children? Children's Ideas concerning the Origin of Babies Need for Beginning the Sexual Education of Children in Early Years Early Training in Responsibility Evil of the Old Doctrine of Silence in Matters of Sex The Evil Magnified When Applied to Girls The Morbid Influence of Artificial Mystery Books on Sexual Enlightenment Nature of the Mother's Task Sexual Education in the School The Value of Biology Sexual Education after Puberty Preparation for the Onset of Menstruation The Right Attitude Towards Woman's Sexual Life Necessity of the Hygiene of Menstruation during Adolescence Such Hygiene Compatible with the Educational and Social Equality of the Sexes The Invalidism of Women Mainly Due to Hygienic Neglect Influence of Physical Training on Women The Evils of Emotional Suppression Influence of These Factors of a Woman's Fate in Marriage The Doctor's Part in Sexual Education Pubertal Initiation into the Ideal World The Place of the Religious and Ethical Teacher The Initiation Rites of Savages into Manhood and Womanhood The Sexual Influence of Literature The Sexual Influence of ArtChapter III. Sexual Education and Nakedness The Greek Attitude Towards Nakedness How the Romans Modified that Attitude The Influence of Christianity Nakedness in Medieval Times Evolution of the Horror of Nakedness Concomitant Change in the Conception of Nakedness Prudery The Romantic Movement Rise of a New Feeling in Regard to Nakedness The Hygienic Aspect of Nakedness How Children may be Accustomed to Nakedness Nakedness not Inimical to Modesty The Instinct of Physical Pride The Value of Nakedness in Education The Æsthetic Value of Nakedness The Human Body as One of the Prime Tonics of Life How Nakedness may be Cultivated The Moral Value of Nakedness.Chapter IV. The Valuation of Sexual Love The Conception of Sexual Love The Attitude of Medieval Asceticism St. Bernard and St. Odo of Cluny The Ascetic Insistence on the Proximity of the Sexual and Excretory Centres Love as a Sacrament of Nature The Idea of the Impurity of Sex in Primitive Religions Generally Theories of the Origin of This Idea The Anti-Ascetic Element in the Bible and Early Christianity Clement of Alexandria St. Augustine's Attitude The Recognition of the Sacredness of the Body by Tertullian, Rufinus, and Athanasius The Reformation The Sexual Instinct regarded as Beastly The Human Sexual Instinct not Animal-like Lust and Love The Definition of Love Love and Names for Love Unknown in Some Parts of the World Romantic Love of Late Development in the White Race The Mystery of Sexual Desire Whether Love is a Delusion The Spiritual as Well as the Physical Structure of the World in Part Built up on Sexual Love The Testimony of Men of Intellect to the Supremacy of LoveChapter V. The Function of Chastity Chastity Essential to the Dignity of Love The Eighteenth Century Revolt Against the Ideal of Chastity Unnatural Forms of Chastity The Psychological Basis of Asceticism Asceticism and Chastity as Savage Virtues The Significance of Tahiti Chastity Among Barbarous Peoples Among the Early Christians Struggles of the Saints with the Flesh The Romance of Christian Chastity Its Decay in Medieval Times Aucassin et Nicolette and the new Romance of Chaste Love The Unchastity of the Northern Barbarians The Penitentials Influence of the Renaissance and the Reformation The Revolt Against Virginity as a Virtue The Modern Conception of Chastity as a Virtue The Influences that Favour Chastity as a Discipline The Value of Chastity for the Artist Potency and Impotence in Popular Estimation The Definitions of Asceticism and ChastityChapter VI. The Problem of Sexual Abstinence The Influence of Tradition The Theological Conception of Lust Tendency of these Influences to Degrade Sexual Morality Their Result in Creating the Problem of Sexual Abstinence The Protests Against Sexual Abstinences Sexual Abstinence and Genius Sexual Abstinence in Women The Advocates of Sexual Abstinence Intermediate Attitude Unsatisfactory Nature of the Whole Discussion Criticism of the Conception of Sexual Abstinence Sexual Abstinence as Compared to Abstinence from Food No Complete Analogy The Morality of Sexual Abstinence Entirely Negative Is it the Physician's Duty to Advise Extra-Conjugal Sexual Intercourse? The Conclusion Against Such Advice The Physician as Bound by the Moral Ideas of his Age and as Reformer Sexual Abstinence and Sexual Hygiene Alcohol The Influence of Physical and Mental Exercise The Inadequacy of Sexual Hygiene in this Field The Unreal Nature of the Conception of Sexual Abstinence The Necessity of Replacing it by a More Positive IdealChapter VII. Prostitution I . The Orgy: The Religious Origin of the Orgy The Feast of Fools Recognition^of the Orgy by the Greeks and Romans The Orgy Among Savages The Drama The Object Subserved by the Orgy II. The Origin and Development of Prostitution: The Definition of Prostitution Prostitution Among Savages The Conditions under which Professional Prostitution Arises Sacred Prostitution The Rite of Mylitta The Practice of Prostitution to Obtain a Marriage Portion The Rise of Secular Prostitution in Greece Prostitution in Rome The Influence of Christianity on Prostitution The Effort to Combat Prostitution The Medieval Brothel The Appearance of the Courtesan Veronica Franco Later Attempts to Eradicate Prostitution The Regulation of Prostitution Its Futility becoming Recognized III. The Causes of Prostitution: Prostitution as a Part of the Marriage System The Complex Causation of Prostitution The Motives Assigned by Prostitutes IV. The Present Social Attitude Towards Prostitution: The Decay of the Brothel The Tendency to the Humanization of Prostitution The Monetary Aspects of Prostitution The Geisha The Hetaira The Moral Revolt against Prostitution Squalid Vice Based on Luxurious Virtue The Ordinary Attitude towards Prostitutes The Need of Reforming Prostitution The Need of Reforming Marriage These Two Needs Closely Correlated The Dynamic Relationships InvolvedChapter VIII. The Conquest of the Venereal Diseases The Significance of the Venereal Diseases The History of Syphilis The Problem of Its Origin The Social Gravity of Syphilis The Social Dangers of Gonorrhoea The Modern Change in the Methods of Combating Venereal Diseases Causes of the Decay of the System of Police Regulation Necessity of Facing the Facts The Innocent Victims of Venereal Diseases Diseases not Crimes The Principle of Notification The Scandinavian System Gratuitous Treatment Punishment for Transmitting Venereal Diseases Sexual Education in Relation to Venereal DiseasesChapter IX. Sexual Morality Prostitution in Relation to Our Marriage System Marriage and Morality The Definition of the Term "Morality" Theoretical Morality Its Division into Traditional Morality and Ideal Morality Practical Morality Practical Morality Based on Custom The Only Subject of Scientific Ethics The Reaction between Theoretical and Practical Morality Sexual Morality in the Past an Application of Economic Morality The Combined Rigidity and Laxity of this Morality The Growth of a Specific Sexual Morality and the Evolution of Moral Ideals Manifestations of Sexual Morality Disregard of the Forms of Marriage Trial Marriage Marriage after Conception of Child The Status of Woman The Historical Tendency Favouring Moral Equality of Women with.Men The Theory of the Matriarchate Mother-Descent Women in Babylonia Egypt Rome The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries The Historical Tendency Favouring Moral Inequality of Woman The Ambiguous Influence of Christianity Influence of Teutonic Custom and Feudalism Chivalry Woman in England The Vanishing Subjection of Woman Inaptitude of the Modern Man to Domineer The Growth of Moral Responsibility in Women The Concomitant Development of Economic Independence Invasion of the Modern Industrial Field by Women In How Far this is Socially Justifiable The Sexual Responsibility of Women and Its Consequences The "Self-Sacrifice" of Women Society not Concerned with Sexual Relationships Procreation the Sole Sexual Concern of the State The Supreme Importance of MaternityChapter X. Marriage The Definition of Marriage Marriage among Animals The Predominance of Monogamy Monogamy a Natural Fact, not Based on Human Law The Tendency to Place the Form of Marriage above the Fact of Marriage The History of Marriage Marriage in Ancient Rome Germanic Influence on Marriage Bride-Sale The Ring The Influence of Christianity on Marriage Origin and Growth of the Sacramental Conception The Church made Marriage a Public Act Canon Law Its Sound Core Its Development Its Confusions and Absurdities Peculiarities of English Marriage Law Influence of the Reformation on Marriage The Protestant Conception of Marriage as a Secular Contract The Puritan Reform of Marriage Milton as a Pioneer of Marriage Reform His Views on Divorce The Backward Position of England in Marriage Reform Criticism of the English Divorce Law Traditions of the Canon Law Still Persistent The Question of Damages for Adultery Collusion as a Bar to Divorce Impossibility of Deciding by Statute the Causes for Divorce Divorce by Mutual Consent Its Origin and Development Impeded by the Traditions of Canon Law Modern Advocates of Divorce by Mutual Consent The Arguments Against Facility of Divorce The Interests of the Children The Protection of Women The Present Tendency of the Divorce Movement Marriage not a Contract but a Fact Legal Disabilities and Disadvantages in the Position of the Husband and the Wife Only the Non-Essentials of Marriage a Proper Matter for Contract Contracts of the Person Opposed to Modern Tendencies The Factor of Moral Responsibility Marriage as an Ethical Sacrament Personal Responsibility Involves Freedom Freedom the Best Guarantee of Stability False Ideas of Individualism Modern Tendency of Marriage With the Birth of a Child Marriage Ceases to be a Private Concern Every Child must have a Legal Father and Mother How this can be Effected The Firm Basis of Monogamy The Question of Marriage Variations Such Variations not Inimical to Monogamy The Flexibility of Marriage holds Variations in Check Marriage on a Reasonable and Humane Basis Summary and ConclusionChapter XI. The Art of Love Marriage not only for Procreation Theologians on the Sacramentum Solationis Importance of the Art of Love The Basis of Stability in Marriage and the Conditions for Right Procreation The Art of Love the Bulwark against Divorce The Unity of Love and Marriage a Principle of Modern Morality Christianity and the Art of Love Ovid Sexual Initiation among Primitive Peoples The Tendency to Spontaneous Development of the Art of Love in Early Life Flirtation Sexual Ignorance in Women The Husband's Place in Sexual Initiation Sexual Ignorance in Men The Husband's Education for Marriage The Ignorance of Husbands Physical and Mental Results of Unskilful Coitus Women Understand the Art of Love Better than Men Ancient and Modern Opinions concerning Frequency of Coitus Variation in Sexual Capacity The Sexual Appetite The Art of Love Based on the Biological Facts of Courtship The Lover Compared to the Musician The Proposal as a Part of Courtship Divination in the Art of Love The Importance of the Preliminaries in Courtship The Unskilled Husband as a Cause of the Frigid Wife The Difficulty of Courtship The Evils of Incomplete Gratification in Women Coitus Interruptus Coitus Reservatus The Human Method of Coitus Variations in Coitus Posture in Coitus The Best Time for Coitus The Influence of Coitus in Marriage The Advantages of Absence in Marriage The Risks of Absence Jealousy The Primitive Function of Jealousy An Anti-Social Emotion Jealousy Incompatible with the Progress of Civilization The possibility of Loving More than One Person at a Time Platonic Friendship The Maternal Element in Woman's Love The Final Development of Conjugal Love The Problem of Love One of the Greatest of Social QuestionsChapter XII. The Science of Procreation The Relationship of the Science of Procreation to the Art of Love Sexual Desire and Sexual Pleasure as Conditions of Conception Reproduction as Left to Caprice and Lust The Question of Procreation as a Religious Question The Creed of Eugenics Ellen Key and Sir Francis Galton Our Debt to Posterity The Problem of Replacing Natural Selection The Origin and Development of Eugenics The Acceptance of Eugenical Principles The Two Channels by which Eugenical Principles become Embodied in Practice Sexual Responsibility in Women Compulsory Motherhood and Voluntary Motherhood Causes of the Degradation of Motherhood The Control of Conception Now Practised by the Majority of the Population in Civilized Countries The Question of "Racial Suicide" Are Large Families a Stigma of Degeneration? Procreative Control the Outcome of Natural and Civilized Progress The Growth of Contraception The Medical and Hygienic Necessity of Control of Conception Preventive Methods Abortion How Far Justifiable? Sterilization as a Method of Contraception Negative Eugenics and Positive Eugenics The Question of Certificates for Marriage The Inadequacy of Eugenics by Act of Parliament The Quickening of the Social Conscience in regard to Heredity Limitation to the Endowment of Motherhood The Conditions Favourable to Procreation Sterility The Question of Artificial Insemination The Best Age of Procreation The Question of Early Motherhood The Best Time for Procreation The Completion of the Cycle of Life Index of Subjects