Sea Cucumbers

Part I: General Biology of sea cucumbers
1.1 Morphology
1.2 Anatomy
1.2.1 Body walls
1.2.2 Ossicles
1.2.3 Calcareous ring
1.2.4 Coelomic fluid and coelomocytes
1.2.5 Digestive system
1.2.6 Hemal system
1.2.7 Respiratory tree
1.2.8 Water vascular system
1.2.9 Nervous system
1.2.10 Reproductive system
1.3 Evisceration
1.4 Regeneration
1.5 Aestivation
1.6 Medicinal properties
1.7 Genetic diversity

2 Part II: Sea cucumbers in the Middle East: what is known and what is unknown
2.1 Sea cucumber species
2.2 Hotspots for sea cucumber species in the Middle East
2.2.1 Sea cucumbers in Egypt
2.2.2 Sea cucumbers in Turkey
2.2.3 Sea cucumbers in Iran
2.2.4 Sea cucumbers in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf

Part III: Sea cucumbers mariculture
3.1 Asexual reproduction
3.2 Sexual reproduction
3.2.1 Broodstock collection
3.2.2 Broodstock conditioning
3.2.3 Spawning
3.2.4 Fertilization
3.2.5 Embryonic and larval development
3.2.6 Nursery
3.3 Farming methods
3.4 Sea cucumbers in the integrated multi-trophic aquaculture
3.5 Processing and cooking methods of sea cucumbers
3.6 Feasibility for farming sea cucumbers

Part IV: Stressors and sea cucumbers
4.1 Temperature
4.2 Salinity
4.3 pH
4.4 Hypoxia
4.5 Microplastic
4.6 Stocking density
4.Food quality
4.8 Handling and Transportation
4.9 Presence of Predators