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Reserves Estimation for Geopressured Gas Reservoirs
- 1st Edition - December 7, 2022
- Authors: Tongwen Jiang, Hedong Sun, Hongfeng Wang, Xiangjiao Xiao
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 0 8 8 - 6
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 0 8 9 - 3
Reserves Estimation for Geopressured Gas Reservoirs aims to introduce the principles and methods for calculating reserves of geopressured gas reservoirs with the material balanc… Read more
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Request a sales quoteReserves Estimation for Geopressured Gas Reservoirs aims to introduce the principles and methods for calculating reserves of geopressured gas reservoirs with the material balance method, presenting advantages, disadvantages and applicable conditions of various methods. The book, based on manual analysis, explains methods and calculation steps with more than 30 gas reservoir examples. It will help gas reservoir engineers learn basic principles and calculation methods and familiarize themselves with the content of the software Black Box, which in turn helps improve the level of gas field performance analysis and the level of gas field development.
- Introduces 22 methods, such as the Hammerlindl method (1971), Ramagost-Farshad method (1981), Roach method (1981), Poston-Chen-Akhtar method (1994), Hedong Sun method (2019, 2020, 2021), et al
- Offers "one-stop shopping" for the gas reservoir engineer on reserve estimation for geopressured gas reservoirs, including mathematical models, analyzing processes, analysis examples, and pros and cons
- Suitable for the beginner, intermediate and advanced user who has a background in reservoir engineering
- Provides a large number of examples about HPHT gas reservoirs
- Reflects the combination, promotion and redevelopment of the gas reservoir engineering theory and field practice
Production Engineers, Reservoir Engineers, Wellsite Engineers, Geologists, Geophysicists, and Technical Managers. Also, Students and professors in petroleum engineering departments
1 Introduction
1.1 Overview of China's deep-seated natural gas resources and development
1.1.1 Overview of deep-seated natural gas resources
1.1.2 Main features of deep-seated natural gas
1.1.3 Overview of deep-seated natural gas development
1.1.3.1 Sichuan Basin
1.1.3.2 Tarim Basin
1.1.4 Strategies for deep-seated natural gas development
1.1.4.1 High-precision earthquake first
1.1.4.2 Pilot test and early production test
1.1.4.3 Determine technical policies based on geological features
1.1.4.4 Realize the integration of geology and engineering with geomechanic as a bridge
1.1.4.5 Continuous technological innovation and integrated application
1.2 Classification of deep-seated natural gas reservoirs
1.2.1 Buried depth
1.2.2 Pressure and pressure coefficient
1.3 Reserve terms
1.3.1 Terms related to China's reserves
1.3.1.1 Definitions of term
1.3.1.2 Classifications of resources and reserves
1.3.1.3 Development status
1.3.2 Terms related to SEC reserves
1.3.2.1 Definition of terms
1.3.2.2 Classifications of Resources
1.3.2.3 Development status
1.4 OGIP estimation
1.4.1 Definition of dynamic reserves
1.4.2 Methods to estimate OGIP
1.4.2.1 OGIP calculation method
1.4.2.2 SEC recommendation method
1.4.2.3 DCA analysis method of tight and shale gas
1.4.3 Challenges faced by OGIP estimation
1.4.3.1 Difficulty in performance surveillance
1.4.3.2 Difficulty in understanding development laws
1.4.3.3 Difficulty in determining gas reservoir parameters
2 Pressure Monitoring of Georessured Gas Wells
2.1 Downhole temperature and pressure monitoring of HPHT gas wells
2.1.1 Tasks and functions of dynamic monitoring
2.1.2 Contents and methods of dynamic monitoring
2.1.3 Downhole temperature and pressure monitoring technology for HPHT gas wells
2.1.3.1 Challenges faced by downhole temperature and pressure monitoring
2.1.3.2 Steel wire fishing downhole temperature and pressure monitoring technology
2.1.3.3 Safety control technology for HPHT gas well testing
2.1.3.4 Application
2.2 Conversion of gas well static pressure
2.2.1 Air column density conversion algorithm at the measuring point
2.2.2 Static pressure gradient conversion algorithm at the measuring point
2.2.3 Wellhead static pressure conversion algorithm
2.3 Calculation of average pressure of gas reservoir
2.3.1 Arithmetic Average Method
2.3.2 Weighted average method
3 Physical Properties of Natural Gas and Formation Water at High Pressure
3.1 Composition and properties of natural gas
3.1.1 Composition of natural gas
3.1.2 The ideal gas equation of state
3.1.2.1 Apparent molecular weight
3.1.2.2 Standard volume
3.1.2.3 Density
3.1.2.4 Relative density
3.2 Real gas
3.2.1 Natural gas deviation factor
3.2.1.1 Correction for the non-hydrocarbon components
3.2.1.2 Correction for the high molecular weight gas
3.2.1.3 Direct algorithm of deviation factor
3.2.1.4 Comparison of calculation results of various methods
3.2.2 Natural gas compressibility
3.2.3 Natural gas volume factor
3.2.4 Natural gas viscosity
3.2.4.1 Carr-Kobayashi-Burrows method
3.2.4.2 Standing method
3.2.4.3 Dempsey method
3.2.4.4 Lee-Gonzalez-Eakin method
3.3 Deviation factor of ultra-high pressure gas
3.3.1 DPR or DAK extrapolation method
3.3.2 LXF-RMP fitting method
3.4 Formation water properties
3.4.1 Formation water volume factor
3.4.2 Formation water viscosity
3.4.3 Solubility of natural gas in water
3.4.4 Isothermal compressibility of formation water
4 Material Balance Equation of Gas Reservoir
4.1 Material balance equation for homogeneous gas reservoirs
4.1.1 Volumetric gas reservoir neglecting water and rock compressibility
4.1.2 Closed gas reservoir with water and rock compressibility
4.1.3 Water drive gas reservoir
4.1.4 Water drive gas reservoir with dissolved gas in water
4.1.5 Linear form of material balance equation
4.2 Material balance equation for compartmental gas reservoirs
4.2.1 Payne method(1996)
4.2.2 Hagoort-Hoogstra method(1999)
4.2.3 Chengtai Gao Method(1993,2006)
4.2.4 Hedong Sun Method(2011)
4.3 Gas reservoir drive index
4.4 Apparent original gas in place
4.5 Sensitivity analysis of key parameters
4.5.1 Rock compressibility
4.5.1.1 rock compressibility
4.5.1.2 effective compressibility
4.5.1.3 Cumulative rock compressibility
4.5.1.4 Cumulative effective compressibility of gas reservoir
4.5.2 Aquifer size
4.5.3 Degree of average pressure drop
4.5.4 Apparent formation pressure
4.5.5 Influence of dissolved gas in water
5 OGIP Estimations for Geopressured Gas Reservoir
5.1 Classical two-segment analysis method
5.1.1 Hammerlindl method (1971)
5.1.1.1 Average compressibility method
5.1.1.2 Corrected reservoir volume method
5.1.1.3 Relationship between the two methods
5.1.2 Yuanqian Chen Method (1983)
5.1.3 Gan-Blasingame method (2001)
5.1.3.1 Analysis method
5.1.3.2 Analysis procedure
5.1.4 Discussion on the time of occurrence inflection point of p/Z index curve
5.2 Linear regression analysis method
5.2.1 Ramagest-Farshad method (1981)
5.2.2 Roach method (1981)
5.2.2.1 Analysis method
5.2.2.2 Discussion on Roach analysis method
5.2.3 Poston-Chen-Akhtar's method (1994)
5.2.3.1 Analysis method
5.2.3.2 Analysis procedure
5.2.4 Becerra-Arteaga method (1993)
5.2.5 Havlena-Odeh method (1996)
5.2.6 Gas production of cumulative unit pressure drop method (2021)
5.2.6.1 Gas production of cumulative unit pressure drop
5.2.6.2 Analysis procedure
5.3 Nonlinear regression analysis method
5.3.1 Binary regression method (1993)
5.3.2 Nonlinear regression method
5.3.2.1 Linear relation (2017)
5.3.2.2 Power function relation (2019)
5.3.3 Starting point of the nonlinear regression method(2019)
5.4 Type curve matching analysis method
5.4.1 Ambastha method (1991)
5.4.2 Fetkovich method (1991,1998)
5.4.3 Gonzales method (2008,2021)
5.4.4 Hedong Sun method (2020)
5.4.5 Multi-well production decline analysis method (2001)
5.5 Trial-and-error analysis method (1998)
5.6 OGIP estimation procedure of high pressure gas reservoirs (2021)
5.6.1 Summary of calculation methods
5.6.2 Recommended analysis method
5.6.3 Recommended analysis procedure
5.6.4 Basic data preparation
5.6.5 Comparative analysis of results
Appendix
1 NS2B gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
2 Offshore gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
3 Anderson L gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
4 Gulf Goast and other gas reservoirs data and pressure-production history
5 GOM gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
6 Stafford gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
7 South Louisiana gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
8 Example-4 gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
9 Field-38 gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
10 Gulf of Mexico gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
11 ROB43-1 gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
12 Louisiana gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
13 SE Texas gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
14 Cajun gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
15 Gan-Blasingame method p/Z index curve inflection point statistics table
16 M1 gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
17 M2 gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
18 M3 gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
19 M4 gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
20 M5 gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
21 Principles of Type curve matching analysis
22 Cajuna gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
23 M6 gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
24 M7 gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
25 Ellenburger gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
26 Duck Lake gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
27 Principles of multiple (binary) regression analysis
28 Nomenclature
29 SI metric conversion factors
1.1 Overview of China's deep-seated natural gas resources and development
1.1.1 Overview of deep-seated natural gas resources
1.1.2 Main features of deep-seated natural gas
1.1.3 Overview of deep-seated natural gas development
1.1.3.1 Sichuan Basin
1.1.3.2 Tarim Basin
1.1.4 Strategies for deep-seated natural gas development
1.1.4.1 High-precision earthquake first
1.1.4.2 Pilot test and early production test
1.1.4.3 Determine technical policies based on geological features
1.1.4.4 Realize the integration of geology and engineering with geomechanic as a bridge
1.1.4.5 Continuous technological innovation and integrated application
1.2 Classification of deep-seated natural gas reservoirs
1.2.1 Buried depth
1.2.2 Pressure and pressure coefficient
1.3 Reserve terms
1.3.1 Terms related to China's reserves
1.3.1.1 Definitions of term
1.3.1.2 Classifications of resources and reserves
1.3.1.3 Development status
1.3.2 Terms related to SEC reserves
1.3.2.1 Definition of terms
1.3.2.2 Classifications of Resources
1.3.2.3 Development status
1.4 OGIP estimation
1.4.1 Definition of dynamic reserves
1.4.2 Methods to estimate OGIP
1.4.2.1 OGIP calculation method
1.4.2.2 SEC recommendation method
1.4.2.3 DCA analysis method of tight and shale gas
1.4.3 Challenges faced by OGIP estimation
1.4.3.1 Difficulty in performance surveillance
1.4.3.2 Difficulty in understanding development laws
1.4.3.3 Difficulty in determining gas reservoir parameters
2 Pressure Monitoring of Georessured Gas Wells
2.1 Downhole temperature and pressure monitoring of HPHT gas wells
2.1.1 Tasks and functions of dynamic monitoring
2.1.2 Contents and methods of dynamic monitoring
2.1.3 Downhole temperature and pressure monitoring technology for HPHT gas wells
2.1.3.1 Challenges faced by downhole temperature and pressure monitoring
2.1.3.2 Steel wire fishing downhole temperature and pressure monitoring technology
2.1.3.3 Safety control technology for HPHT gas well testing
2.1.3.4 Application
2.2 Conversion of gas well static pressure
2.2.1 Air column density conversion algorithm at the measuring point
2.2.2 Static pressure gradient conversion algorithm at the measuring point
2.2.3 Wellhead static pressure conversion algorithm
2.3 Calculation of average pressure of gas reservoir
2.3.1 Arithmetic Average Method
2.3.2 Weighted average method
3 Physical Properties of Natural Gas and Formation Water at High Pressure
3.1 Composition and properties of natural gas
3.1.1 Composition of natural gas
3.1.2 The ideal gas equation of state
3.1.2.1 Apparent molecular weight
3.1.2.2 Standard volume
3.1.2.3 Density
3.1.2.4 Relative density
3.2 Real gas
3.2.1 Natural gas deviation factor
3.2.1.1 Correction for the non-hydrocarbon components
3.2.1.2 Correction for the high molecular weight gas
3.2.1.3 Direct algorithm of deviation factor
3.2.1.4 Comparison of calculation results of various methods
3.2.2 Natural gas compressibility
3.2.3 Natural gas volume factor
3.2.4 Natural gas viscosity
3.2.4.1 Carr-Kobayashi-Burrows method
3.2.4.2 Standing method
3.2.4.3 Dempsey method
3.2.4.4 Lee-Gonzalez-Eakin method
3.3 Deviation factor of ultra-high pressure gas
3.3.1 DPR or DAK extrapolation method
3.3.2 LXF-RMP fitting method
3.4 Formation water properties
3.4.1 Formation water volume factor
3.4.2 Formation water viscosity
3.4.3 Solubility of natural gas in water
3.4.4 Isothermal compressibility of formation water
4 Material Balance Equation of Gas Reservoir
4.1 Material balance equation for homogeneous gas reservoirs
4.1.1 Volumetric gas reservoir neglecting water and rock compressibility
4.1.2 Closed gas reservoir with water and rock compressibility
4.1.3 Water drive gas reservoir
4.1.4 Water drive gas reservoir with dissolved gas in water
4.1.5 Linear form of material balance equation
4.2 Material balance equation for compartmental gas reservoirs
4.2.1 Payne method(1996)
4.2.2 Hagoort-Hoogstra method(1999)
4.2.3 Chengtai Gao Method(1993,2006)
4.2.4 Hedong Sun Method(2011)
4.3 Gas reservoir drive index
4.4 Apparent original gas in place
4.5 Sensitivity analysis of key parameters
4.5.1 Rock compressibility
4.5.1.1 rock compressibility
4.5.1.2 effective compressibility
4.5.1.3 Cumulative rock compressibility
4.5.1.4 Cumulative effective compressibility of gas reservoir
4.5.2 Aquifer size
4.5.3 Degree of average pressure drop
4.5.4 Apparent formation pressure
4.5.5 Influence of dissolved gas in water
5 OGIP Estimations for Geopressured Gas Reservoir
5.1 Classical two-segment analysis method
5.1.1 Hammerlindl method (1971)
5.1.1.1 Average compressibility method
5.1.1.2 Corrected reservoir volume method
5.1.1.3 Relationship between the two methods
5.1.2 Yuanqian Chen Method (1983)
5.1.3 Gan-Blasingame method (2001)
5.1.3.1 Analysis method
5.1.3.2 Analysis procedure
5.1.4 Discussion on the time of occurrence inflection point of p/Z index curve
5.2 Linear regression analysis method
5.2.1 Ramagest-Farshad method (1981)
5.2.2 Roach method (1981)
5.2.2.1 Analysis method
5.2.2.2 Discussion on Roach analysis method
5.2.3 Poston-Chen-Akhtar's method (1994)
5.2.3.1 Analysis method
5.2.3.2 Analysis procedure
5.2.4 Becerra-Arteaga method (1993)
5.2.5 Havlena-Odeh method (1996)
5.2.6 Gas production of cumulative unit pressure drop method (2021)
5.2.6.1 Gas production of cumulative unit pressure drop
5.2.6.2 Analysis procedure
5.3 Nonlinear regression analysis method
5.3.1 Binary regression method (1993)
5.3.2 Nonlinear regression method
5.3.2.1 Linear relation (2017)
5.3.2.2 Power function relation (2019)
5.3.3 Starting point of the nonlinear regression method(2019)
5.4 Type curve matching analysis method
5.4.1 Ambastha method (1991)
5.4.2 Fetkovich method (1991,1998)
5.4.3 Gonzales method (2008,2021)
5.4.4 Hedong Sun method (2020)
5.4.5 Multi-well production decline analysis method (2001)
5.5 Trial-and-error analysis method (1998)
5.6 OGIP estimation procedure of high pressure gas reservoirs (2021)
5.6.1 Summary of calculation methods
5.6.2 Recommended analysis method
5.6.3 Recommended analysis procedure
5.6.4 Basic data preparation
5.6.5 Comparative analysis of results
Appendix
1 NS2B gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
2 Offshore gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
3 Anderson L gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
4 Gulf Goast and other gas reservoirs data and pressure-production history
5 GOM gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
6 Stafford gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
7 South Louisiana gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
8 Example-4 gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
9 Field-38 gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
10 Gulf of Mexico gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
11 ROB43-1 gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
12 Louisiana gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
13 SE Texas gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
14 Cajun gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
15 Gan-Blasingame method p/Z index curve inflection point statistics table
16 M1 gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
17 M2 gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
18 M3 gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
19 M4 gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
20 M5 gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
21 Principles of Type curve matching analysis
22 Cajuna gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
23 M6 gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
24 M7 gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
25 Ellenburger gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
26 Duck Lake gas reservoir data and pressure-production history
27 Principles of multiple (binary) regression analysis
28 Nomenclature
29 SI metric conversion factors
- No. of pages: 334
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: December 7, 2022
- Imprint: Gulf Professional Publishing
- Paperback ISBN: 9780323950886
- eBook ISBN: 9780323950893
TJ
Tongwen Jiang
Tongwen Jiang, PhD is an engineer and earned his PhD degree in oil & gas field development engineering from Southwest Petroleum Institute in 1996.He began working for Tarim Oilfield Company in 1996, and he has deep experience in reservoir studies and management. He has published over 30 papers about complex oil & gas reservoir studies such as condensate gas reservoirs and fractured reservoirs. He is an author of 4 books and an active member of the Society of Petroleum Engineer and the American Association of Petroleum Geologists.
Affiliations and expertise
Engineer, Tarim Oilfield Company, ChinaHS
Hedong Sun
Hedong Sun, PhD, SPE member, born in 1973, professional senior engineer, earned his PhD degree from Xi’an Jiaotong University in 2004. Since 2004, he has been a Research Engineer in Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development of Petrochina. He has about 25 years of reservoir engineering experience with a focus on well test analysis and production data analysis. He has published over 60 papers in peer-reviewed journals and SPE conferences. He is an author of 4 books published by Elsevier, including Advanced Production Decline Analysis and Application, Well Test Analysis for Multilayered Reservoir with Formation Crossflow, Dynamic Well Testing in Petroleum Exploration and Development, among others.
Affiliations and expertise
Research Engineer, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development of Petrochina, Beijing, ChinaHW
Hongfeng Wang
Hongfeng Wang, is a senior engineer; he achieved his master degree of oil & gas field development engineering from Southwest Petroleum Institute in 2004. He has been working for Tarim Oilfield Company since 2004, and has rich experience in gas reservoir study and management. He has published 3 books and over 10 papers about HPHT gas reservoirs and condensate gas reservoirs study and management.
Affiliations and expertise
Senior Engineer, Tarim Oilfield Company, Petroleum Industry Press, Beijing, ChinaXX
Xiangjiao Xiao
Xiangjiao Xiao, PhD, SPE member, born in 1968, professorate senior engineer, earned her PhD degree on oil & gas field development engineering from China University of Petroleum in 2012. She has worked for Tarim Oilfield Company since 1992, and has rich experience in geopressured gas reservoir and condensate gas reservoir study. She has published over 40 papers about geopressured gas reservoir. She is an author of 6 books published by Petroleum Industry Press, including Dina 2 Abnormal Ultra-High Pressure Gas Reservoir Development, Development Mechanism and Application of Ultra-Deep, High-Temperature and High-Pressure Fractured Sandstone Gas Reservoirs, Abnormal High Pressure Gas Field Development, among others.
Affiliations and expertise
Senior Engineer, Tarim Oilfield Company, Petroleum Industry Press, Beijing, ChinaRead Reserves Estimation for Geopressured Gas Reservoirs on ScienceDirect