Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injuries
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Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injuries is a practical guide to the treatment and/or management of spinal cord injuries for the physiotherapy student and early career clinician, as well as the medical and health professional wishing to remain current with advancements in treatment and interventions in this area. Written by Jacqueline Reznik and Joshua Simmons, this multi-contributor text explores contemporary aspects of spinal cord injury treatment and management, as well as essential but not commonly addressed topics, such as sexual rehabilitation, psychological impacts, improving upper limb function of the tetraplegic patient, and ageing with a spinal cord injury. The patient experience is emphasised throughout with input from individuals who have lived experience of a spinal cord injury. Offering new and important insights into key facets of spinal cord injury treatment and management, Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injuries is a practical, evidence-based resource to support clinicians to provide high-quality care and ensure the best patient outcomes.
Key Features
- Specialised chapters about biomechanics, paediatric spinal cord injury and high cervical injuries
- Insight into the lived experience of individuals with a spinal cord injury
- Documentation of the patient journey from injury to total rehabilitation
- Practical information on mobility devices and returning to driving
- Appendix of common assessments for spinal cord injuries
- Includes an eBook with purchase of the print book
Table of Contents
- Cover image
- Title Page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Preface
- How this book should be used
- Foreword
- Endorsement by Ida Bromley FCSP
- Reference
- About the editors
- Contributors
- Reviewers
- Acknowledgements
- 1 Introduction to spinal cord injury
- Introduction and overview
- Development from the nervous system
- The blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB)
- Cells of the CNS and spinal cord
- Spinal cord structure
- Spinal cord: systems
- Introduction
- Overview of injury and cell death
- Spinal cord injuries
- Summary
- References
- 2 From the field to the emergency department and beyond
- Introduction
- Epidemiology of spinal cord injury
- Epidemiology of emergency responses for potential SCI
- SCI management by EMS
- Initial assessment and management overview
- Special topics in acute spinal cord injury
- Summary
- References
- 3 The shifting paradigm
- Introduction: Compensation versus recovery
- Traditional rehabilitation after spinal cord injuries
- The activity-dependent plasticity of the spinal cord
- The recovery model: activity-based therapies (ABTs)
- Activity-based therapies modalities
- Neuromodulation
- Summary
- References
- 4 Early hospital management
- Introduction
- Assessment framework
- Relevant history
- Respiratory assessment and management
- Neurological assessment
- Range of motion
- Pain
- Tone and spasm
- Circulation
- Skin condition
- Osteoporosis
- Initial mobilisation
- Strengthening
- Education
- Summary
- Online resources
- References
- 5 Biomechanics
- Introduction
- Definitions used in biomechanics
- Standardising a reference frame
- Describing and understanding movement (the Laws of Motion)
- Balance and stability
- Bed mobility
- Wheelchair propulsion biomechanics
- Summary
- References
- 6 Functional independence
- Introduction
- Teaching strategies and progression of functional skills
- Unsupported sitting
- Bed mobility
- Transfers
- Training of manual wheelchair skills
- Early standing
- Gait re-education
- Objective measures
- Education and training
- Summary
- References
- 7 Electrotherapeutic techniques
- Introduction
- NMES parameters, pulse current types and characteristics
- Neuromodulation
- Manipulation of NMES/FES parameters in people with SCI
- Clinical application of NMES/FES in people with SCI
- NMES/FES devices
- Electrical stimulation to elicit musculoskeletal adaptations
- Use of NMES as a muscle strength-training modality
- Summary
- References
- 8 Modes of transport
- Introduction
- Initial assessment
- Mobility scooters
- Summary
- Introduction
- How will I know if and when I am ready to return to driving?
- What are my alternatives to driving?
- How do I return to driving following AN SCI?
- What vehicle is best for modifications?
- Useful existing features of unmodified production cars
- What vehicle modifications are available and what are most suitable?
- What other factors do I need to consider in my return to driving after an SCI?
- The technology of vehicle modifications
- Summary
- Online resources
- References
- 9 Ambulation
- Introduction
- Ambulation/walking
- Walking as a functional activity
- Traditional gait re-education
- New paradigms for gait re-education
- Locomotor training for gait re-education
- Principles of locomotor training
- Robotic exoskeletal gait re-education
- Summary
- References
- 10 Hydrotherapy
- Introduction
- Therapeutic (physiological) effects of exercise in water
- Treatment goals
- General principles of exercises in water
- Hydrotherapy assessment and treatment
- Guidelines and standards
- Conventional hydrotherapy techniques
- Swimming
- Specific hydrotherapy techniques
- Summary
- Online resources
- References
- 11 Incomplete spinal and peripheral nerve lesions
- Introduction
- Incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI)
- Rehabilitation post iSCI
- Summary
- References
- 12 Overview of sexual function and changes post-SCI
- Introduction
- Basics of human sexuality
- Sexuality and disability – the construction of sexuality in people with disability
- Sexuality after an SCI
- Fertility after an SCI
- Treatment aspects – sexual health assessment model
- Summary
- Online resources
- References
- 13 Exercise and sport
- Introduction
- Anatomical, physiological and psychosocial consequences of SCI
- Exercise guidelines for people with an SCI
- Other benefits of exercise and sport for people with an SCI
- Considerations for people with an SCI participating in exercise and sport
- Summary
- Online resources
- References
- 14 Paediatric spinal cord injury
- Introduction
- Incidence
- Causes of SCI in children
- Classification
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Acute setting – preparation for rehabilitation
- Early rehabilitation and psychosocial support
- Outcome measures
- Medical issues within paediatric SCI
- Anticipatory guidance
- Discharge planning
- Schooling
- Mobility
- Upper limb function
- Assistive technology
- Musculoskeletal issues
- Sports, recreation and leisure
- Transition to the adult setting
- Summary
- References
- 15 Ageing with a spinal cord injury
- Introduction
- Trends relating to the natural course of an SCI
- Accelerated ageing
- Changes in functional ability associated with ageing
- Exercise guidelines for the ageing population with an SCI
- Summary
- References
- 16 High cervical lesions
- Introduction
- Initial management
- Postural considerations in high CSCI
- Quality of life
- Safety considerations
- Long-term respiratory health
- Transitioning to life in the community from hospital
- Summary
- Online resources
- References
- 17 Improving upper limb function
- Introduction
- Hand function and principles of therapy in tetraplegia
- Management of the upper limb in the acute phase
- Interventions in the acute phase
- Management of the upper limb in the sub-acute phase
- Measurement of upper limb function
- Surgical management
- Rehabilitation
- Outcomes following surgical reconstruction
- Tetraplegic upper limb function from the patient's perspective
- Summary
- Online resources
- References
- 18 Common complications of spinal cord injury
- Neurogenic bladder
- Complications of NGB
- Evaluation of patients with neurogenic bladder
- Neurogenic bowel
- Summary
- Introduction
- What is sleep disordered breathing?
- Obstructive sleep apnoea
- Clinical practice guidelines for the management of OSA in people with an SCI
- Summary
- Introduction
- Pain presentations
- Prevalence of pain
- Management of pain following SCI
- Management of musculoskeletal pain
- Management of neuropathic pain
- Summary
- Introduction
- Possible pathophysiological mechanisms
- Clinical diagnosis
- Laboratory investigations
- Summary
- Online resources
- References
- 19 Psychological sequelae of spinal cord injuries
- Introduction
- Historical perspective of conversion disorders
- Conversion and somatic symptom disorder
- Psychological adaptation to spinal cord injury
- Clinical case presentations
- Summary
- References
- 20 Sociological issues associated with spinal cord injury – a personal journey
- Introduction
- Employment
- Leisure time
- Partners/relationships
- Physical intimacy
- Changing family relationships
- Summary
- What happened?
- Online resources
- References
- 21 The hazards of living with a spinal cord injury
- Introduction
- Common themes
- Reference
- Postface
- Appendix 1
- Appendix 2
- Appendix 3 Modified Ashworth Scale
- Equipment Required
- Testing Position
- Grades
- Example
- Appendix 4 Tardieu Scale
- Equipment Required
- Test Procedure
- Definitions
- Example
- Interpretation of Findings
- Appendix 5
- Appendix 6
- Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 516
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Elsevier 2020
- Published: February 1, 2020
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Paperback ISBN: 9780729543200
About the Authors
Jacqueline Reznik
Affiliations and Expertise
Adjunct Senior Lecturer, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
Associate Senior Lecturer, Curtin University, WA, Australia
Honorary Research Associate, Institute of Child Health, UCL/GOSH, London, UK
Joshua Simmons
Affiliations and Expertise
Director Digital Health Clinical Consultation Services
Clinical Lead Digital, Hospital Metro South, Queensland, Australia
Clinical Informatics, Metro South Health, Queensland, Australia
Former Clinical Team Leader Physiotherapy, Spinal Injuries
Queensland Spinal Cord Injury Service, Queensland, Australia
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