Regulation of Water and Electrolytes

Preface Contents of Previous Volume 1 Introduction Text References2 The Neurohypophysis: The Place of Comparative Studies in Biology and Medicine I. The Historical and Morphological Background to the Neurohypophysis II. The Evolution and Phylogeny of the Neurohypophysis III. The Nature of the Neurohypophysial Principles IV. Actions of Neurohypophysial Principles on Water and Electrolytes V. Conclusions References3 Osmoregulatory Actions of Prolactin and Other Adenohypophysial Hormones I. Introduction II. The Unique Contribution of Comparative Studies to Prolactin Research III. Prolactin and Osmoregulation in Amphibians IV. Prolactin and Fluid Balance in Vertebrates: A Comparative View V. Other Adenohypophysial Hormones VI. Epilogue A Chronological Guide to Reviews Covering Prolactin and Osmoregulation References 4 Thyroid Hormones I. Introduction II. Thyroid Hormones and Hydromineral Balance in Mammals III. The Osmoregulatory Actions of Thyroid Hormones in Birds IV. The Osmoregulatory Actions of Thyroid Hormones in Amphibians V. The Actions of Thyroid Hormones on Hydromineral Regulation in Teleost Fishes VI. Concluding Remarks References 5 Pancreatic Islet Hormones I. The Analysis of Osmoregulatory Islet Functions: Problems and Pitfalls II. Comparative Aspects III. Conclusions References6 The Adrenal Cortical Steroids I. Introduction 121 II. Comparative Form of the Adrenocortical Homologue III. Structure and Nomenclature of Adrenocorticosteroids IV. Biosynthetic Pathways of Adrenocorticosteroids V. Biochemical Control of Biosynthesis and Secretion of Adrenocorticosteroids VI. Catabolism of Adrenocorticosteroids VII. Phylogenetic Variations VIII. Conclusions References 7 The Urophysis and Osmoregulation I. Introduction II. Chemistry of the Urotensins III. Responses of the Caudal Neurosecretory System to Osmotic Stimuli IV. Effects of Urophysectomy and Urotensin Injections V. Possible Indirect Osmoregulatory Effects of the Urotensins VI. Direct Effects of the Urotensins on Transepithelial Transport VII. The Urophysis and Osmoregulation—An Attempt at Synthesis VIII. Biomedical Implications of the Urotensins References 8 Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Osmoregulation I. Introduction II. Stimulation of Drinking by Angiotensin III. Stimulation of Adrenocorticoid Secretion by Angiotensin IV. Renal Action of Angiotensin V. Cardiovascular Action of Angiotensin VI. Interaction between Renin-Angiotensin System and Other Vasoactive Hormones in Control of Water and Electrolytes VII. Evolutionary Consideration on Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Control of Extracellular Volume and Osmoregulatory Homeostasis References 9 Mechanisms of Hormone Actions on Renal Function I. Introduction II. Neurohypophysial Hormones III. Renin-Angiotensin System IV. Prolactin V. Catecholamines VI. Parathyroid Hormone VII. Calcitonin VIII. Adrenocorticosteroids IX. Prostaglandins X. Conclusion References 10 Mechanisms of Hormone Actions on Gill Transport I. Introduction II. Structure and Vascularization of the Gills III. Ion Transport across the Gills IV. Hormonal Effects on Gills V. Concluding Remarks and Possible Biomedical Implications References11 Mechanisms of Hormone Actions on Intestinal Transport I. Introduction II. Ion Transport Processes in Vertebrate Intestine III. The Network of Intestinal Transport Regulation IV. Endocrine Control of Intestinal Transport V. Conclusions References 12 Actions of Hormones on Salt and Water Transport across Cutaneous and Urinary Bladder Epithelia I. Introduction II. General Structure of Cutaneous and Urinary Bladder Epithelia III. Nature of Epithelial Permeability and Transport IV. Transport Properties of Cutaneous and Urinary Bladder Epithelia in Different Vertebrates V. Mechanisms of Action of Hormones VI. Salt Glands VII. Summary and Conclusions References 13 Endocrine Osmoregulation and Vertebrate Evolution I. Introduction II. Tracing the Evolution of Osmoregulatory Mechanisms III. Osmoregulatory Adaptations to Seawater IV. Osmoregulation by Freshwater Fishes V. The Transition to Terrestriality VI. Conclusions References Index