Regional Studies, Volume 5

Chapter I. The Strata-Bound Ore Deposits in the Eastern Alps

Introduction

Lead-Zinc (Barite-Fluorite) Deposits

Sulfide ("Kies") Deposits with Copper Contents

Uranium Deposits and Copper Mineralisations in Sandstones

Scheelite Deposits

Stibnite Deposits

Cinnabar Deposits

Magnesite Deposits

Siderite Deposits

Manganese Deposits

Summary and Conclusions

References

Chapter 2. Stratabound Mineral Deposits of the Canadian Cordillera

Introduction

Tectonic Framework

Stratigraphic Framework of the Columbian Orogen

Proterozoic

Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic

Late Mesozoic and Tertiary

Stratigraphic Framework of the Pacific Orogen

Crystalline Basement

Paleozoic Rocks

Mesozoic Rocks

Cenozoic Rocks

Definitions

Stratabound Deposits in the Columbian Orogen: Deposits in Rocks of Proterozoic Age

General Geology of the Belt-Purcell Supergroups

Copper in the Belt and Purcell Supergroups

Copper Mineralization in Other Purcell Rocks

Summary

Lead and Zinc in the Purcell Supergroup

Summary

Iron Formation in the Windermere (Hadrynian) System

Stratabound Deposits in the Columbian Orogen: Deposits of Early and Middle Paleozoic (and Latest Proterozoic) Age

Lead and Zinc Mineralization in Southern Cordillera

Lead-Zinc Mineralization in Northern Cordillera

General Distribution and Geology of Deposits of Middle Devonian Age

Summary

Stratabound Deposits in the Pacific Orogen

Massive Sulphide Deposits

Stratabound and Stratiform Deposits

Stratabound Deposits with Dispersed Mineralization

Deposits with Copper Sulphide - Native Copper Mineralizations

Summary

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 3. Comparison of Volcanogenic Mineral Deposits in the Northern Appalachians and their Relationship to Tectonic Evolution

Introduction

General Geology

Precambrian

Cambrian-Ordovician

Silurian-Devonian

Carboniferous and Later

Volcanogenic Mineral Deposits

Deposits in Volcanic Rocks Along Disrupted Continental Margin (or Intracratonic Basin) Deposits in Submarine Mafic ("Oceanic Ridge") Volcanic Rocks

Deposits in Submarine Mafic to Felsic ("Island Arc") Volcanic Rocks

Terrestrial Sub-Volcanic Deposits

Discussion

Acknowledgements

Postscript

References

Chapter 4. The Ores of the South Pennines and Mendip Hills, England — A Comparative Study

Introduction

South Pennines

Introduction

Stratigraphy

Structure

Later Geological History

Permo-Triassic Mineralization

Minerals Present

The Ore Bodies

Thermal Zoning

Fluid Inclusions

Isotope Dating

Wall-Rock Alteration

Genesis of the Ore Deposits

The Mendip Hills

Introduction

Stratigraphy

Structure

The Mineral Field

Mineralogy

Thermal, Isotope and Other Studies

Ore Genesis

Comparisons of South Pennine and Mendip Orefields

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 5. Ores of the Northern Pennines, The Lake District and North Wales

Introduction

Northern Pennine Orefield - Alston Block

The Mineral Deposits

The Minerals

Zonation of the Orefield

Fluid-Inclusion Studies

Wall-Rock Alteration

Age of Mineralisation

Genesis of the Ores

Northern Pennine Orefield - Askrigg Block

The Mineral Deposits

Zonation of the Orefield

Lake District Orefield

The Mineral Deposits

Zonation of the Orefield

Fluid-Inclusion Studies

Wall-Rock Alteration

Age of the Mineralisation

Genesis of the Ores

Northeast Wales Orefield

Stratigraphy

Structure

Minerals

The Ore Bodies

Zonation of the Orefield

Fluid-Inclusion Studies

Wall-Rock Alteration

Age of Mineralisation

Genesis of the Ore Deposits

Conclusions

References

Northern Pennine Orefield - Alston Block

Northern Pennine Orefield - Askrigg Block

Lake District Orefield

Northeast Wales Orefield

Chapter 6. Genesis of Irish Base-Metal Deposits

Introduction: The Geological Framework

Occurrence, Nature and Genesis of the Mineral Deposits

The Caledonian Metamorphic Belt

The Variscan Fold Belt

Red-Bed Copper Deposits

Vein Deposits

The Variscan Foreland - The Central Plain of Ireland

The Deposits in the Lower Palaeozoic Inliers

The Deposits in the Lower Carboniferous

References

Chapter 7. A Review of Southern African Stratiform Ore Deposits - their Position in Time and Space

Introduction

The Stratigraphic History of Southern Africa

Classification of Stratiform Ore Deposits

Mechanical Concentrations

Ancient Placer Deposits

Recent Submarine, Coastal and Alluvial Placer Deposits

Organic Accumulations

Coal and Oil Shale in the Karroo Supergroup

Petroleum

Chemical Precipitates

Limestone, Dolomite and Marble

Ironstone

Iron Formation

Manganese

The Asbestiform Amphiboles

Volcanogenic Ore Deposits

Volcanogenic Deposits in Greenstone Belts

Volcanogenic Deposits in the Northwest Cape Province

Volcanogenic Deposits in the Damara Supergroup, South West Africa

Stratiform Epigenetic Deposits

Hypo-, meso- and epi-Thermal Ore Deposits

Pyrometasomatic Deposits

Telethermal Deposits

Deposits Related to Surficial Processes

High-Grade Iron Deposits

Manganese

Phosphates

Gypsum

Calcrete

Salt

Bauxite

Deposits Related to Metamorphism

Metamorphic Minerals in Carbonate Rocks

Silicates and Oxides of Alumina

Southern African Metallogenic Epochs

Acknowledgements

References

Regional Studies is a collection of papers that deals with strata-bound mineral deposits in the Eastern Alps, in the Canadian Cordillera, in north-central, and southwest England. Other papers describe southern African stratiform ore deposits and the genesis of Irish base-metal deposits. One paper compares the various types of volcanogenic mineral deposits and their depositional environments characterized by distinct assemblages of volcanic rocks, which formed in the Northern Appalachians during certain episodes of the tectonic evolution. The paper notes that the youngest volcanogenic deposits of economic interest are tungsten—molybdenum—tin—bismuth base metal deposits in highly altered rhyolitic sub-volcanic complexes at Mount Pleasant, New Brunswick. Another paper reviews the mineral occurrences in southern Africa that include stratiform, non-magmatic, ore deposits, The paper considers a subdivision of deposits formed from surficial chemical processes during previous (or current) cycles of weathering and erosion. Many ore bodies have a dual origin: for example, the iron in the high-grade hematite deposits is partly syngenetic and partly epigenetic. The paper also illustrates the time-dependence of some stratiform ore deposits in southern Africa in a schematic diagram. Geologists, researchers, or engineers whose works are related with ore deposits and mining will benefit tremendously from the collection.