Regional Studies and Specific Deposits, Volume 13
1st Edition
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1. The Geological Association of Coal and Metallic Ores - A Review
Introduction
Categories of Coal-Ore Association
Metallic Ore Substance Directly within the Coal Seam
Uraniferous Lignites Outside of North America
Uraniferous Coals (Braunkohle to Anthracite)
Metallic Ores in Coal Association, Repetitively Present in Close Proximity to the Coal Seams
Metallic Ores in Coal Association or Adjacent to it, Accidentally Present
Metallic Ores in a Proximal Facies of Coal Associations
Metallic Mineralizations Related to the Basement on which the Coal Association Rests
Interaction of Coal and Metamorphism, Metasomatism, Igneous Intrusion: Metallogenic Implications
Spontaneous Coal Burning and Thermal Metamorphism
Contact Metamorphism/Metasomatism at Coal/Igneous Dikes and Sills Contacts
Contact Metamorphism/Metasomatism at Coal/Granitic Intrusion Contacts
Regional Metamorphism of Coal
Coal, Ores and Evolution
References
Chapter 2. Genesis of Iron Ore in Banded Iron-Formation by Supergene and Supergene-Metamorphic Processes - A Conceptual Model
Introduction
General
The Basic Conceptual Model for BIF-Derived Iron Ores
Definitions of Controversial Terms
Genesis of BIF-Derived Iron Ores
Literature Survey and Compilation of Genetic Models
Literature Features of Iron-Enrichment Ores
Genetic Models for BIF-Derived Ores - Discussion
The Hamersley Iron Province of Western Australia
General
Brief Review of Geological Investigations of Ores and BIFs
Geology of the BIFs
Formation of Ore by Supergene Processes
Textural Features of BIF
Effects of Supergene Processes on BIF Minerals
Supergene Ore Textures - Macroscopic Features
Modifications to Ore by Continuing Supergene Processes
General
Leaching of Goethite
Dehydration of Goethite
Ferricrust - Ferruginous Duricrust
Metamorphic and Post-Metamorphic Modifications to Supergene Ore
General
Regional Metamorphism
Formation of Magnetite During Regional Metamorphism
Contact Metamorphism
Textural Relationships and Interpretations
Metamorphism - Concluding Statement
Geologic and Meteoric Controls of Supergene Enrichment
General
Stratigraphic Thinning Due to Enrichment
Material Balance Between BIF and Ore
Mobility of Iron and Silica - Ore-Forming Rates
Oxidation of Iron at Depth - The Electrochemical Model
Specific Factors in Supergene Enrichment
The Environment of Supergene Enrichment
Reconstruction of an Ore Body - A Model for a Supergene Deposits
Chronology of Ore Formation
General
Stratigraphic Evidence for the Age of the Oldest Supergene Ores
Hamersley Platform
Supporting Evidence for the Age of the Oldest Supergene Ores
Later Ore Events
Phosphorus in BIF and Ore
General
Phosphorus in BIF
Phosphorus in Weathered BIF and Ores
Model for Distribution of Phosphorus in BIF-Hosted Enrichment Ores
Application of Theory
The Pilbara Iron Ore Classification (PIOC)
Exploration for High-Grade Ores
Discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 3. Mineral Zoning in Sediment-Hosted Copper Deposits
Introduction
Stability Relationships Between Cu and Cu-Fe Sulfide Minerals
Pyrite Replacement and Zoning Sequences
Mass Transfer Modeling as Applied to Problems of Sulfide Zoning
Transport of Copper in Aqueous Solution
Other Approaches to the Study of Reaction/Transfer Problems
General Remarks
Coupling, Feedback, Instability and Self Organization
Modeling Cu-Fe Sulfide Zoning
Overview
Simulations
Discussion
Remarks on Transport-Reaction Modeling
Conclusions
References
Chapter 4. Gossans
Introduction
Historical Background
Definitions
Processes of Gossan Formation
Sulphide Oxidation
Formation of Secondary Minerals
Behavior of Gold
Sorption Processes
Leaching
Effect of Wallrock and Gangue Minerals
The Influence of Hydrology, Climate and Geomorphology
Gossan Maturity
The Constitution of Gossans
Mineralogy
Textures
Lack of Textural Development
Colour
Geochemistry
IsotopiC Composition
The Evaluation of Gossans
Field Observations
Sampling
Preparation of Samples for Laboratory Study
Laboratory Techniques of Gossan Appraisal
Mineralogy
Texture
Case Histories
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 5. Hydrothermal Karst Phenomena as a Factor in the Formation of Mississippi Valley-Type Deposits
Introduction
Underground Karst Structures - General Comments
Hydrothermal Karst - Modern Examples
Geologic Setting of MVTD
Host Rock of Ores
Solutional Disaggregation
General Premises
Karstic Nature of Ore Receptacles
Hydrothermal Origin of Sulfides
Relationship Between Hydrothermal Ores and their Karst Receptacles
Mineralization in Disaggregated Rocks - Ammoblastesis
Relationships Between Metasomatic and Karst Ores
Crevice Ores
Review of Other Hypotheses on the Origin of Karst Ores
Criticism of Hydrothermal Karst Concept
Conclusions and Implications
Acknowledgement
Glossary
References
Description
Regional Studies and Specific Deposits deals with regional studies of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits. Topics covered include the geological association between coal and metallic ores; the genesis of iron ores in banded iron-formation (BIF) by supergene and supergene-metamorphic processes; mineral zoning in sediment-hosted copper deposits; and the formation of gossans. The role of hydrothermal karst phenomena in the formation of Mississippi Valley-type deposits is also discussed.
Comprised of five chapters, this volume begins with a review of the geological association of coal and metallic ores, focusing in particular on which metallic accumulations could be expected to be possibly present, within or close to the coal. The next chapter examines the origin of strata-bound enrichment deposits derived from BIF and presents the basic conceptual model for BIF-derived iron ores. The evolution of sulfide mineral zonation in low-temperature, sediment-hosted copper deposits is then evaluated. The book also describes the processes underlying the formation of gossans before concluding with an analysis of the hydrothermal karst phenomena as a factor in the development of Mississippi Valley-type deposits.
This handbook will be useful to students, practitioners, and researchers in the fields of energy and earth sciences, mineralogy, mining, and metallurgy.
Details
- Language:
- English
- Copyright:
- © Elsevier Science 1985
- Published:
- 1st January 1985
- Imprint:
- Elsevier Science
- eBook ISBN:
- 9780444600677
Ratings and Reviews
About the Author
Bozzano Luisa
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