Radio Emission of the Sun and Planets

Foreword

Foreword to the English Edition

Chapter I. Physical Condition of the Sun, Moon and Planets


1. The Sun's Atmosphere

The Chromosphere

The Corona


2. Solar Activity

Plages and Flocculi

Sunspots

Flares

Coronal Condensations


3. The Moon and Planets

Mercury, Venus and Mars

Jupiter and Saturn

The Moon

Chapter II. Basic Characteristics of Extraterrestrial Radio Emission and Methods for Studying Them


4. Frequency Spectrum

Aerial Temperature and Effective Temperature of Radio Emission

Studying the Radio-Emission Frequency Spectrum

Multichannel Receiving Devices and Radio Spectrographs


5. Angular Spectrum

Aerial System Requirements in Radio astronomy

Parabolic Aerials

The Two-Element Interferometer

Modifications of the Two-Element Interferometer

The Problem of Studying the Radio Brightness Distribution over a Source

Variable-Baseline Interferometer

The Multiple-Element Interferometer

The Mills Cross

Eclipse Observations


6. Polarization of Radio Emission

Polarization Parameters

Methods of Polarization Measurements in the Metric Waveband

Polarization Measurements in the Centimetric Band


7. Effect of the Earth's Atmosphere on the Observed Radio Emission

Absorption of Radio Waves in the Troposphere

Absorption of Radio Waves in the Ionosphere

Effects Connected with Refraction of Radio Waves in the Atmosphere

Polarization Change of the Radio Emission as it Passes through the Ionosphere

Chapter III. Results from Observations of the Radio Emission of the "Quiet" Sun


8. Frequency Spectrum of the "Quiet" Sun's Radio Emission

Determining the Level of the "Quiet" Sun's Radio Emission

Observed Dependence of Tett on Wavelength


9. Distribution of Radio Brightness over the Sun's Disk

Remarks on Methods of Investigation

Some Preliminary Data

Features of the Tett Distribution over the Disk of the "Quiet" Sun in the Radio-Frequency Band

Chapter IV. Results of Observations of the Suns's Sporadic Radio Emission


10. The Slowly Varying Component

General Characteristics

Correlation of the Radio-Emission Flux with Sunspots

Position, Form and Size of Local Sources

Radio-Emission Frequency Spectrum

Directional Properties and Polarization

Altitude of Local Sources above the Photosphere

Connection with Optical Features of the Solar Corona


11. Microwave Bursts

General Characteristics

Basic Types of Microwave Bursts

Frequency Spectrum of Bursts

Polarization of Radio Emission

Microwave Bursts and Chromospheric Flares


12. Noise Storms (Enhanced Radio Emission and Type I Bursts)

Time Characteristics of Noise Storms

Frequency Spectrum

Connection with Optical Features

Directional Features of the Radio Emission

Size and Position of Radio-Emission Sources in the Corona

Polarization of Noise Storms


13. Type II Bursts

General Characteristics

Harmonics of Type II Bursts

Fine Structure of Type II Bursts

Frequency Drift and its Interpretation


14. Type III Bursts

General Characteristics

Polarization of Bursts

Connection with Optical Phenomena

Position and Movement of an Emitting Region in the Corona

Frequency Drift of Bursts

U-Bursts


15. Types IV and V Radio Emission

Basic Characteristics of Type IV Radio Emission

Type V Bursts


16. Other Forms of Burst

Decimetric Continuum

Rapidly Drifting Decimetric Bursts

Continuum Storms

The Event of 4 November 1957

Wide-Band Bursts of Short Duration

Reverse-Drift Pairs


17. Sporadic Radio Emission and Geophysical Phenomena

Preliminary Remarks

Radio Emission of the Sun and Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances

Connection between Microwave Bursts and Hard Solar Radiation

Solar Radio Emission and Magnetic Storms with a Sudden Beginning

Properties of Geoeffective Corpuscular Streams

Radio Emission of the Sun and Polar Blackouts

Connection between Continuum-Type Radio Emission and the Appearance of Energetic Particles

General Picture of the Sun's Sporadic Radio Emission

Chapter V. Results of Observations of Radio Emission of the Planets and the Moon


18. First Investigations into the Radio Emission of the Moon, Planets and Comets

First Study of the Moon and Planets in the Radio-Frequency Band

Radio Emission of Comets


19. Sporadic Radio Emission of Jupiter

Radio Emission Flux and Its Time Dependence

Frequency Spectrum

Polarization

Local Sources of Sporadic Radio Emission, Their Period of Rotation and Position on Jupiter's Disk

Directional Features of Radio Emission and Size of Local Sources

Connection with Solar Activity


20. Continuous Radio Emission of the Planets

Radio Emission of Saturn

Radio Emission of Jupiter

Radio Emission of Mars

Radio Emission of Venus

Radio Emission of Mercury


21. Radio Emission of the Moon

Preliminary Remarks

Frequency Spectrum and Phase Dependence of the Moon's Radio Emission

Radio Brightness Distribution over The Lunar Disk

Chapter VI. Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in the Solar Corona


22. Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves inaAn Isotropic Coronal

Plasma (Approximation of Geometrical Optics) Quasi-Hydrodynamic Method and Approximation of Geometrical Optics

Waves in An Isotropic Plasma


23. Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in a Magnetoactive Coronal Plasma (Approximation of Geometrical Optics)

Electromagnetic Waves in a Homogeneous Plasma in the Presence of a Constant Magnetic Field

Waves in a Non-Uniform Magnetoactive Plasma

Faraday Effect in the Solar Corona

Depolarizing Factors and the Question of Elliptical Polarization of Certain Bursts of Solar Radio Emission


24. Coupling of Electromagnetic Waves in a Plasma and Polarization of Solar Radio Emission

Limiting Polarization of Emission Leaving the Coronal Plasma

Preliminary Remarks on the Effect of the Coupling of Waves in the Region of a Quasi-Transverse Magnetic Field

Calculations of Coupling by the Phase Integral Method

Certain Features of Solar Radio Emission Polarization and their Interpretation on the Basis of Wave Coupling in the Region of a Quasi-Transverse Magnetic Field in the Corona


25. Coupling of Electromagnetic Waves and the Problem of the Escape of Radio Emission from the Corona

Preliminary Remarks

Conversion of Plasma Waves into Electromagnetic Waves in a Smoothly Non-Uniform Isotropic Plasma

Wave Coupling in a Smoothly Non-Uniform Magnetoactive Plasma

Conversion of Plasma Waves into Electromagnetic Waves Because of Scattering on Electron Density Fluctuations

Chapter VII. Generation and Absorption of Electromagnetic Waves in the Solar Corona


26. Emission and Absorption of Electromagnetic Waves in an Equilibrium Plasma

Emission Transfer Equation

Electromagnetic Wave Emission by Individual Particles

Absorption of Electromagnetic Waves in an Isotropic Plasma

Absorption of Electromagnetic Waves in a Magnetoactive Plasma

Gyro-Resonance Absorption in the Solar Corona


27. Emission, Absorption and Amplification of Electromagnetic Waves in a Non-Equilibrium Plasma

The Kinetic Equation Method and the Einstein Coefficients Method. The Problem of Wave Amplification and Instability in a Plasma

Reabsorption and Amplification of Plasma Waves in a Non-Equilibrium Plasma with H0 = 0 (Quantum Treatment)

Amplification and Instability of Plasma Waves in a Nonequilibrium Plasma with H0 = 0 (Classical Treatment)

Maximum Amplitude and Harmonics of Amplified Plasma Waves

Reabsorption and Amplification of Electromagnetic Waves in a Non-Equilibrium Magnetoactive Plasma

The Appearance of Plasma Waves in Shock Wave Fronts

Chapter VIII. Theory of the Sun's Thermal Radio Emission


28. Theory of the "Quiet" Sun's Radio Emission

Radio Emission Mechanism

Theory of the B-Component in the Simplest Model of the Chromosphere and Corona

Interpretation of Certain Features in the Distribution of the Radio Brightness over the Sun's Disk on the Basis of More Complex Models of the Corona and Chromosphere

Construction of a Model of the Solar Atmosphere from Radio Data


29. Origin of the Slowly Varying Component of the Sun's Radio Emission

Thermal Nature of the S-Component of the Sporadic Radio Emission

Bremsstrahlung Mechanism of the Local S-Component Sources above Spots

Magnetic-Bremsstrahlung Mechanism of Slowly Varying Emission

Origin of Radio Emission of Haloes and Local Sources above Flocculi Free of Spots

Chapter IX. Theory of the Sun's Non-Thermal Radio Emission


30. Generation of Continuum-Type Sporadic Radio Emission

Origin of Microwave Bursts and Certain Phenomena Accompanying Them

Origin of the Enhanced Radio Emission Connected with Sunspots

Mechanism of Type IV Radio Emission


31. Generation of Types I, II and III Bursts

Theory of Type III Bursts

Mechanism of Type II Bursts

Generation of Type I Bursts

Chapter X. Origin of Radio Emission of the Planets and the Moon


32. Hypotheses on the Mechanism of Jupiter's Sporadic Radio Emission

The "Thunderstorm" Hypothesis

Mechanism of Plasma Oscillations

Plasma Hypothesis of the Origin of Jupiter's Radio Emission when the Planet's Magnetic Field is Taken into Account


33. Origin of the Continuous Radio Emission of Jupiter and Saturn

Radiation Belts as the Source of Jupiter's Decimetric Radio Emission

Conditions of Generation of Saturn's Radio Emission


34. Sources of Venus's Radio Emission

The "Ionospheric" Model

The "Hot" Surface Model


35. Theory of the Moon's Radio Emission

Basic Relations

Interpretation of the Results of Observations of the Moon's Radio Emission and the Physical Characteristics of its Surface

References

Index