Pulmonary Manifestations of Pediatric Diseases, An Issue of Pediatric Clinics of North America

1st Edition, Volume 68-1 - December 2, 2020
Editor: Nelson L. Turcios
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 3 6 1 4 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 3 6 1 5 - 9

In collaboration with Consulting Editor, Dr. Bonita Stanton, Guest Editor Dr. Nelson L. Turcios has created a comprehensive issue on the multiple pulmonary symptoms associated with… Read more

Pulmonary Manifestations of Pediatric Diseases, An Issue of Pediatric Clinics of North America

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In collaboration with Consulting Editor, Dr. Bonita Stanton, Guest Editor Dr. Nelson L. Turcios has created a comprehensive issue on the multiple pulmonary symptoms associated with pediatric disease. In this issue of Pediatric Clinics of North America, expert authors have contributed clinical review articles that are current and timely. Articles are devoted to the following topics: Pulmonary Manifestations of Genetic Disorders in Children; Pulmonary Manifestations of Congenital Heart Disease in Children; Pulmonary Manifestations of Gastrointestinal, Pancreatic & Liver Diseases in Children; Pulmonary Manifestations of Hematologic and Oncologic Diseases in Children; Pulmonary Manifestations of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases in Children; Pulmonary Manifestations of Immunosuppressive Diseases Other than HIV in Children; Pulmonary Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Children; Pulmonary Manifestations of Rheumatoid Diseases in Children; Pulmonary Manifestations of Systemic Vasculitis in Children; Pulmonary Manifestations of Neuromuscular Diseases in Children; Pulmonary Manifestations of Renal Disorders in Children; Pulmonary Manifestations of Parasitic Diseases in Children; Pulmonary Manifestations of Skin Disorders in Children; Adverse Environmental Exposure and Childhood Respiratory Health in Children; Functional Respiratory Disorders in Children; and Healthcare Inequalities in Pediatric Respiratory Diseases in Children. Pediatricians will come away with the clinical information they need to treat pulmonary conditions and manage outcomes in children with pediatric diseases.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
CME Accreditation Page
Contributors
Forthcoming Issues
Foreword
Preface
Pulmonary Manifestations of Genetic Disorders in Children
Key points
Introduction
Summary
Web-based resources for tables
Clinical care points
Pulmonary Manifestations of Congenital Heart Disease in Children
Key points
Introduction
Central airways
Alterations in pulmonary blood flow
Pulmonary hypertension and congenital heart disease
Exercise intolerance
Lymphatic disorders
Summary
Clinics care points
Pulmonary Manifestations of Gastrointestinal, Pancreatic, and Liver Diseases in Children
Key points
Summary
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Inflammatory bowel disease
Pancreatitis
Complications of chronic liver disease
Portopulmonary Hypertension
Alpha1-antitrypsin Deficiency
Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Clinics care points
Pulmonary Manifestations of Hematologic and Oncologic Diseases in Children
Key points
Introduction
Pulmonary complications of hematologic neoplasms
Pulmonary complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Subsets of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome
Pulmonary complications of solid neoplasms
Infectious pulmonary complications
Diagnostic role of bronchoalveolar lavage
Pulmonary complications of sickle cell disease
Acute pulmonary complications
Chronic pulmonary complications
Chemotherapy-induced lung toxicity
Radiation therapy
Long-term pulmonary outcome
Clinics care points
Pulmonary Manifestations of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases in Children
Key points
Introduction
Obstructive disease
Restrictive disease
Mixed airway disease
Pulmonary hypertension
Clinical care points
Pulmonary Manifestations of Immunodeficiency and Immunosuppressive Diseases Other than Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Key points
Introduction
Immunology of the respiratory tract
Primary immunodeficiencies
Secondary immunodeficiencies
Infections in immunodeficiency states
Diagnosis and treatment of respiratory abnormalities in immunoincompetent or immunosuppressed children
Summary
Clinical care points
Respiratory Complications in Children and Adolescents with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Key points
Introduction
Epidemiology
Acute lower respiratory tract infection
Bacterial lower respiratory tract infection
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Viral lower respiratory tract infection
Fungal lower respiratory tract infection
Chronic respiratory illness
Management of human immunodeficiency virus–associated lung disease
Summary and future recommendations
Clinics care points
Pulmonary Manifestations of Rheumatic Diseases in Children
Key points
Introduction
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Mixed connective tissue disease
Sjögren syndrome
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Methotrexate
Scleroderma
Juvenile dermatomyositis
Sarcoidosis
Summary
Clinical care points
Pulmonary Manifestations of Systemic Vasculitis in Children
Key points
Introduction
Takayasu arteritis
Kawasaki disease
Polyarteritis nodosa
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)
IgA vasculitis (Henoch Schonlein purpura)
Microscopic polyangitis
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Clinics care points
Respiratory Complications of Pediatric Neuromuscular Diseases
Key points
Introduction
Ventilatory pump—normal function and failure
Chronic respiratory failure
Clinical evaluation
The neuromuscular disorders
What are physical medicine respiratory muscle aids?
enhance airway clearance
Approaches to mobilize secretions
Sleep-disordered breathing in patients with neuromuscular diseases
Noninvasive ventilatory support in neuromuscular diseases
Lung Volume Recruitment
Extubation and decannulation
Summary
Clinics care points
Pulmonary Manifestations of Parasitic Diseases in Children
Key points
Introduction
Clinical approach
Most relevant parasites
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia
Summary and future directions
Clinical care points
Pulmonary Manifestations of Renal Disorders in Children
Key points
Overview and clinical assessment
Diagnostic tests
Clinical syndromes
Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract: oligohydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia, and urinothorax
Acute kidney injury
Nephrotic syndrome and thromboembolism
Pulmonary manifestation of acute glomerulonephritis
Sleep disorders and kidney disease
Pulmonary complications of renal replacement therapies
Peritoneal dialysis
Hemodialysis
Continuous hemofiltration and dialysis
Pulmonary complications after kidney transplantation
Clinics care points
Functional Respiratory Disorders in Children
Key points
Introduction
Habit cough and related disorders
Functional dyspnea disorders
Summary of functional respiratory disorders
Clinical care points
Pulmonary Implications of Pediatric Spinal Deformities
Key points
Introduction
Spinal deformities: definitions/categories/incidence
Kyphosis
Nature of spinal deformities
Assessment
Imaging/testing
Associated chest deformities
Correlating pulmonary compromise
Natural history of spine abnormalities
Therapeutic options
Surgical treatment
Postsurgical considerations
Surgical outcomes/complications reported
Pulmonary function after surgery
Future directions
Summary
Clinical care points
Pulmonary Manifestations of Skin Disorders in Children
Key points
Introduction
Yellow nail syndrome
Neurofibromatosis type 1
The tuberous sclerosis complex
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Klippel–Trénaunay–Weber syndrome
Cutis Laxa (Generalized Elastolysis)
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome
Erythema Multiforme
Mastocytosis
Dyskeratosis congenita
Aquagenic wrinkling of the palms
Clinics care points
Adverse Environmental Exposure and Respiratory Health in Children
Key points
Introduction
Exposure to air pollution inside the home
Exposure to air pollution outside the home
Impact of climate change on children’s respiratory health
Inequalities and Inequities in Pediatric Respiratory Diseases
Introduction
Pneumonia/lower respiratory tract infections
Asthma
Cystic fibrosis
Discussion
Clinics care points
High-altitude Illnesses and Air Travel: Pediatric Considerations
Key points
Introduction
High-altitude physiology
Physiologic responses to hypobaric hypoxia
Risk for travelers
Acute high-altitude illness in children and adolescents
Medications
High altitude and congenital heart disease
Pregnancy
Air travel—pediatric patients
Pediatric patients at risk for the effects of hypoxia
Medical emergencies during flight
Clinics care points
Risk Factors for Severity in Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Key points
Introduction
Methods
Epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019
Risk factors for severity in coronavirus disease 2019 and other coronavirus infections
Risk factors for pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus-2
What mechanisms play a role in the atypical picture of coronavirus disease 2019 in children?
Summary
Contributors