Psychophysical Judgment and Measurement

1st Edition - November 28, 1974
Editor: Edward Carterette
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 5 3 4 - 3

Handbook of Perception, Volume II: Psychophysical Judgment and Measurement brings together a very large, diverse, and widely scattered literature on human perception, with emphasis… Read more

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Handbook of Perception, Volume II: Psychophysical Judgment and Measurement brings together a very large, diverse, and widely scattered literature on human perception, with emphasis on psychophysical judgement and measurement. The book reviews the history of research on choice, judgement, and measurement in order to provide a background for contemporary work. This volume is organized into five sections encompassing 14 chapters and begins with a historical background on psychophysics and the evolution of thinking about the central measurement problem in judgement. The basic psychological context in which choice and judgement occur is considered next, touching on topics such as the problem of information selection and the sources of bias and variability in judgemental processes in relation to memory. The chapters that follow discuss the theoretical frame of measurement models and their applications. In particular, examples of algebraic fundamental measurement, algebraic derived measurement, and probabilistic derived measurement are given. The book also introduces the reader to various psychophysical scaling methods and theories of scaling. This book will serve as a basic source and reference work for psychologists and natural scientists, as well as for anyone in the arts or sciences or those who are interested in human perception.

List of Contributors

Foreword

Preface

Contents of Other Volumes

Part I. Introduction and Overview

Chapter 1. History of Psychophysics and Judgment

I. Fechnerian Psychophysics

II. Opposing Development in Psychophysical Measurement

III. The Threshold Concept

IV. Origin and Rise of the "Direct Methods" of Psychophysics

V. Special Topics

VI. Final Comments

References

Part II. Perceptual Choice and Judgment

Chapter 2. Attention: The Processing of Multiple Sources of Information

I. Introduction

II. Intermodality Attention

III. Visual Attention

IV. Auditory Attention

V. Attention and Meaning

VI. Other Information Combination

VII. Response Competition

VIII. Theories in Conclusion

References

Chapter 3. Memory Processes and Judgment

I. Introduction

II. Delayed Comparisons

III. Identifications

IV. Conclusion

References

Chapter 4. Psychological Decision Mechanisms and Perception

I. Introduction

II. The Psychological Trace

III. The Statistical Trace

IV. Desire and Percept

V. Psychophysics and Pay-Offs

VI. The Value of Money

VII. Concluding Expectorations

References

Chapter 5. Contextual Effects: A Range-Frequency Analysis

I. Introduction

II. Range Effects

III. Frequency Effects

IV. A Range-Frequency Model

V. Comments

References

Chapter 6. Personality and Social Effects in Judgment

I. Introduction

II. Social Functions of Judgment

III. The Relationship of Personality and Social Psychology to the Psychology of Judgment

References

Part III. Measurement Models and Applications

Chapter 7. Stimulus and Response Measurement

I. Introduction

II. Algebraic Models

III. Probabilistic Models

References

Chapter 8. Algebraic Models in Perception

I. Introduction

II. Linear Models and Averaging Models

III. Multiplying Models

IV. Psychological Measurement

References

Chapter 9. Detection, Discrimination, and Recognition

I. Introduction

II. Classification Scheme

III. Theories for Fixed-Interval Designs

IV. Operating Characteristics and Psychometric Functions for Fixed-Interval Designs with Two Stimuli

V. Nonstationary Response Processes

VI. Theories for Free-Response Data

References

Part IV. Scaling

Chapter 10. Overview of Psychophysical Scaling Methods

I. Introduction

II. The Indirect Methods

III. The Direct Methods

References

Chapter 11. Perceptual Magnitude and Its Measurement

I. Introduction

II. Fechner's Law

III. The Power Law

IV. Cross-Modality Matching

V. The Role of Exponents

VI. Neurelectric Power Functions

VII. Two Kinds of Perceptual Continua

VIII. Category Scale

IX. Virtual Exponents

X. Magnitude Estimation of Intervals

XI. Production of Sums

XII. The Partition Puzzle

XIII. Thresholds and the NQ

References

Part V. Multidimensional Scaling for Measurement of Human Perception

Chapter 12. Multidimensional Perceptual Models and Measurement Methods

I. Introduction

II. Theoretical and Mathematical Considerations

III. Methods Based on Non-Euclidean Metric

References

Chapter 13. Applications of Individual Differences Scaling to Studies of Human Perception and Judgment

I. Introduction

II. The INDSCAL Model

III. Introduction to Applications

IV. A Reanalysis of Helm's Color Perception Data

V. Perception of Colors Differing in Hue, Value, and Chroma

VI. Perception of Rhythm and Accent in Words and Phrases

VII. Perception of Acoustically Degraded Consonants

VIII. Perceptions of Nations: Subgroup and Task Variation

Summary

References

Chapter 14. Applications of Multidimensional Scaling in Perception

I. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS)

II. Examples of Application in Perception

III. Significance of Multidimensional Scaling in Studies of Perception

References

Author Index

Subject Index