Programming Language Structures

Part One 1 Basic Concepts 1-1 Introduction 1-2 Flowcharts for Structured Programming 1-3 A Computer Model 1-4 Procedures and Environments 1-5 Global and Local Variables 1-6 The State of the MC 1-7 References and Suggestions for Further Reading 2 Interfacing Procedures 2-1 Introduction 2-2 Reference Parameters 2-3 Independence and Interchangeability of Procedures 2-4 Automating Protection of Arguments 2-5 Expressions as Arguments in a Procedure Call 2-6 Function Procedures 2-7 Name Parameters 2-8 Parameters That Stand for Procedures or Functions 2-9 References and Suggestions for Further Reading 3 Recursion 3-1 Introduction 3-2 Additional Examples 3-3 Tree Traversal and Recursion 3-4 Binary Tree Traversal 3-5 Symbolic Differentiation—An Application of Binary Tree Traversal 3-6 The Searching of Arbitrary Tree Structures 3-7 References and Suggestions for Future Reading 4 Syntax Formalism 4-1 Introduction 4-2 The BNF Notation 4-3 Syntax Charts 4-4 References and Suggestions for Further ReadingPart Two. Syntax and Semantics of Several Major Programming Languages 5 Algol 5-1 Introduction 5-2 Syntactic Structure of Algol-Like Languages 5-3 Syntactic Structure of Algol 60 5-4 Syntax of Algol Declarations and Statements 5-5 Semantics of Algol Blocks 5-6 Semantics of Algol Procedures 5-7 Case Studies—Two Elementary Examples 5-8 Case Studies of Recursive Functions—Two Examples 5-9 Name Parameters Matched to Expressions 5-10 Parameters That Are Procedures 5-11 Own Identifiers in Algol 5-12 References and Suggestions for Further Reading 6 Fortran 6-1 Introduction 6-2 Overview of Fortran Syntax and Semantics 6-3 Global Variables in Fortran 6-4 Syntax of Individual Fortran Statements and Program Units 6-5 Case Study 6-6 New Developments in Fortran 6-7 Additional Case Studies 6-8 Input/Output in Fortran 6-9 A Brief Comparison of Algol and Fortran 6-10 References and Suggestions for Further Reading 7 Lisp 7-1 Introduction 7-2 Data Objects in Lisp 7-3 Storage Structures for S-Expressions 7-4 The Five Basic Lisp Functions 7-5 Avoiding Evaluation of Arguments: The Use of the Quote 7-6 The Lisp Interpreter 7-7 Overview of Lisp Syntax and Semantics 7-8 The Syntax of Lisp and RLisp 7-9 Predefined Functions of Lisp 7-10 Arithmetic Operations in Lisp 7-11 Case Studies 7-12 Function Arguments and Procedure Parameters 7-13 Case Study 4: A Program for Symbolic Differentiation 7-14 Achieving the Effect of Name Parameters in Lisp 7-15 References and Suggestions for Further Reading 8 Snobol 8-1 Introduction 8-2 A Flowchart Language for String Processing Operations 8-3 Snobol Syntax 8-4 Storage Structures for Variables 8-5 Syntax and Semantics of Procedure Declarations and Calls 8-6 Snobol Case Study: Symbolic Differentiation 8-7 Simulating Reference Parameters in Snobol 8-8 Conversion from One Data Type to Another 8-9 Defining and Using New Data Types 8-10 Defining the Primitive Functions of Lisp in Snobol 8-11 Tables and Arrays in Snobol 8-12 A Fortran Preprocessor in Snobol 8-13 References and Suggestions for Further Reading 9 Multisequence Algorithms 9-1 Introduction 9-2 Two Types of Multisequencing: Asynchronous Tasks and Coroutines 9-3 Case Study for Asynchronous Tasking 9-4 Case Studies for Coroutine Tasks 9-5 References and Suggestions for Further Reading 10 Pascal 10-1 Introduction 10-2 Primitive Data Types 10-3 Structured Data Types 10-4 Program Structure 10-5 Constructs for Structured Programming 10-6 Parameter Specification and Treatment 10-7 Input/Output 10-8 Case Study: The Four-Color Problem 10-9 References and Suggestions for Further ReadingAppendixBibliographyAnswers to Selected ExercisesIndex