Probiotics in The Prevention and Management of Human Diseases

A Scientific Perspective

1st Edition - December 2, 2021
Editors: Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi, N. Amaresan, A Sankaranaryanan, Helen Kemp
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 7 3 3 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 7 3 4 - 2

Probiotics in The Prevention and Management of Human Diseases: A Scientific Perspective addresses the use of probiotics and their mechanistic aspects in diverse human diseases.… Read more

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Probiotics in The Prevention and Management of Human Diseases: A Scientific Perspective addresses the use of probiotics and their mechanistic aspects in diverse human diseases. In particular, the mechanistic aspects of how these probiotics are involved in mitigating disease symptoms (novel approaches and immune-mechanisms induced by Probiotics), clinical trials of certain probiotics, and animal model studies will be presented through this book. In addition, the book covers the role of probiotics in prevention and management aspects of crucial human diseases, including multidrug resistant infections, hospital acquired infections, allergic conditions, autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, neurological disorders, and cancers.

Finally, the book addresses the use of probiotics as vaccine adjuvants and as a solution for nutritional health problems and describes the challenges of using probiotics in management of human disease conditions as well as their biosafety concerns. Intended for nutrition researchers, microbiologists, physiologists, and researchers in related disciplines as well as students studying these topics require a resource that addresses the specific role of probiotics in the prevention and management of human disease.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
About the editors
Foreword
Preface
Chapter 1. The concept of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, nutribiotics, and pharmabiotics
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Probiotics
1.3 Prebiotics
1.4 Synbiotics
1.5 Postbiotics
1.6 Nutribiotics
1.7 Pharmabiotics
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 2. Food or pharma: the name does make a difference
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Probiotics: a substance or a product?
2.3 The various regulatory statuses applicable to products containing “probiotics”
2.4 Comparative summary
2.5 Conclusion: the name does make a difference
Conflict of interest
Notice
References
Chapter 3. The role of probiotics in maintaining immune homeostasis
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Conlusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 4. Effect of intestinal microbiome, antibiotics, and probiotics in the prevention and management of ulcerative colitis
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The role of intestinal microbiota in the development of bowel diseases
4.3 General characteristics of drugs used in bowel diseases
4.4 Modification of intestinal microbiome
4.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 5. Probiotics in the prevention and management of necrotizing enterocolitis
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The microbiome, dysbiosis, and NEC
5.3 Most relevant mechanisms of probiotic action in the preterm
5.4 Probiotics and prevention of NEC
5.5 Safety aspects of probiotics
5.6 Conclusions and challenges for future research
References
Chapter 6. Probiotics in the prevention and management of irritable bowel syndrome
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Probiotics in prevention and management of IBS
6.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7. Probiotics in the prevention and treatment of diarrheal disease
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Diarrheal diseases
7.3 Probiotics in prevention and treatment of diarrheal diseases
7.4 Mode of action of probiotics
7.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 8. Probiotics in the prevention and treatment of atopic skin diseases
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Etiology and pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis
8.3 Relationship between gut microbiota and atopic dermatitis
8.4 Intervention of probiotics in atopic dermatitis
8.5 Future perspectives of probiotics in prevention and treatment of AD
8.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 9. Probiotics for the treatment of other skin conditions (acne, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, wounds, and skin cancer)
Abstract
9.1 Acne vulgaris
9.2 Psoriasis
9.3 Seborrheic dermatitis
9.4 Wound healing
9.5 Skin cancer
References
Chapter 10. Probiotics in the prevention and management of allergic diseases (asthma and allergic rhinitis)
abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Prevention of asthma
10.3 Probiotics for the treatment of asthma
10.4 Probiotics for the prevention of allergic rhinitis
10.5 Probiotics for the treatment of allergic rhinitis
10.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
Funding
Conflicts of interest
References
Chapter 11. Prenatal and neonatal probiotic intake in pediatric allergy
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Safety of probiotics and prebiotics
11.3 Probiotics, prebiotics, and immunity
11.4 Microbiota and allergic disorders
11.5 Mother’s microbiome and child health
11.6 Clinical studies
11.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 12. Probiotics and prebiotics in the suppression of autoimmune diseases
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Autoimmune diseases
12.3 Relationship between gut microbiota and immune system
12.4 Gut microbiota associated with autoimmune diseases
12.5 Beneficial role of probiotics in the suppression of autoimmune diseases
12.6 Future perspectives
12.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 13. Probiotics and prebiotics in the prevention and management of human cancers (colon cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer, and cervix cancer)
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Probiotics and prebiotics in stomach cancer
13.3 Probiotics and prebiotics in colon cancer
13.4 Probiotics and prebiotics in breast cancer
13.5 Probiotics and prebiotics in cervical cancer
13.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 14. Probiotics in mitigation of food allergies and lactose intolerance
Abstract
14.1 Introduction of probiotics and the gut microbiome
14.2 Food allergies and lactose intolerance
14.3 Lactose intolerance
14.4 Role of probiotics in mitigation of food allergies and lactose intolerance
14.5 Dietary management strategies
14.6 Therapeutic applications
14.7 Intake of probiotics
14.8 Future prospective of probiotic in food allergies
14.9 Conclusions
References
Chapter 15. Probiotics in the prevention and treatment of nosocomial infections
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia
15.3 Clostridium difficile infection
15.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16. Role of probiotics in urological health
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Vaginal microbiota
16.3 Commensal microbial flora and preventing UTI
16.4 Scope of the problem
16.5 Urinary tract infection
16.6 Bacterial vaginosis
16.7 Yeast vaginitis
16.8 Modes of administration of probiotics
16.9 What does the evidence say?
16.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17. Role of probiotics in prevention and treatment of Candida vaginitis and Bacterial vaginosis
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Healthy vaginal microflora and probiotic lactobacilli
17.3 Vaginitis (vaginal infection)
17.4 Probiotic roles in the prevention and treatment of vaginal infection
17.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 18. Role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Role of probiotics in prevention and treatment of dental caries
18.3 Role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases
18.4 Role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of halitosis
18.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 19. Role of probiotics in infections with multidrug-resistant organisms
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Probiotics
19.3 General mechanisms of actions of probiotics against MDR bacteria
19.4 Probiotics in organ-specific resistant infections
19.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 20. Probiotics in the prevention and treatment of infections with Helicobacter pylori, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, and Rotavirus
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Probiotics and their health implications
20.3 Infections caused by Helicobacter pylori, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, and rotavirus
20.4 Helicobacter pylori
20.5 Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
20.6 Rotavirus
20.7 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter 21. Role of probiotics in the management of fungal infections
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Probiotics
21.3 Probiotics in fungal diseases
21.4 Future perspectives
21.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 22. Role of probiotics in the prevention and management of diabetes and obesity
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Pathophysiology and risk factors of diabetes mellitus and obesity
22.3 Probiotics for the management of diabetes and obesity
22.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 23. Probiotics in the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases with focus on dyslipidemia
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Probiotic bacteria
23.3 Probiotic yeasts
23.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 24. Gut–brain axis: role of probiotics in neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder
Abstract
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Colonization of the intestinal ecosystem in early life and its evolution
24.3 Gut microbiota
24.4 What are probiotics?
24.5 Psychobiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics
24.6 Autism and probiotics
24.7 ASD and GI disorders
24.8 The gut–brain axis
24.9 Neurodevelopmental disorders
24.10 Is the gut microbiota of children with autism spectrum disorder different?
24.11 Literature evidence in ASD
24.12 Newer techniques involving microbiota
24.13 ADHD
24.14 Other neurodevelopmental disorders
24.15 Future perspectives
24.16 Conclusion
References
Chapter 25. Probiotics in the prevention and control of foodborne diseases in humans
Abstract
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Foodborne diseases
25.3 Probiotics
25.4 Antimicrobial potential of probiotics against foodborne pathogens
25.5 Probiotics mechanisms of action in the control and prevention of foodborne pathogens
25.6 Supplementation of probiotics in food materials
25.7 Delivery system of probiotics
25.8 The safety of probiotic therapy in host
25.9 Health significance of probiotics in the prevention of foodborne diseases
25.10 Conclusion and future perspectives
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 26. Role of probiotics in the management of respiratory infections
Abstract
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Respiratory tract infections
26.3 In search of new therapeutic strategies: microbiota and gut-lung axis
26.4 Pulmonary microbiota in diseases
26.5 History of probiotics
26.6 Probiotic usage and safety
26.7 Probiotic administration in respiratory infections
26.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 27. The role of probiotics in nutritional health: probiotics as nutribiotics
Abstract
27.1 Nutribiotics: ways to improve the nutritional status
27.2 Nutritional health benefits of probiotics and postbiotics
27.3 Encapsulation technology for the development of functional ingredients
27.4 Current market of probiotics and future perspectives
27.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 28. Role of immunobiotic lactic acid bacteria as vaccine adjuvants
Abstract
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Vaccine adjuvants
28.3 Probiotic lactic acid bacteria
28.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 29. Probiotics: past, present, and future challenges
Abstract
29.1 Probiotics—the concept
29.2 Probiotics—modern trends
29.3 Viability of probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and their secondary reproduction: probiotic concentration
29.4 Dose of probiotics
29.5 Safety of probiotic bacteria
29.6 Health effects of probiotics
29.7 Probiotics and metabolic syndrome
29.8 Probiotics and urogenital infections
29.9 Probiotics and immunity
29.10 Probiotics and mental illness called Plus Ultra
29.11 The next 45 years
29.12 Summary
29.13 Probiotics and Covid-19: data supporting the use of probiotics to prevent Covid-19
29.14 Conclusion
References
Chapter 30. Probiotics: health safety considerations
Abstract
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Declaration of competing interest
References
Chapter 31. Probiotics: current regulatory aspects of probiotics for use in different disease conditions
Abstract
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Current regulation bodies that include probiotics
31.3 Regulations for use of probiotics in gastrointestinal diseases
31.4 Regulations for use of probiotics in diseases other than gastrointestinal diseases
31.5 Conclusions
References
Index

Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi

Dr. Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi has completed PhD from Department of Biochemistry, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara (2013); M.Sc. Microbiology from University of Mysore (2006) and B.Sc. Microbiology from Sardar Patel University (2004). Since 2014, he is serving as Assistant Professor at C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University. He has published 42 research papers in reputed journals and written 5 book chapters. His research interests include exploring the immunological, genetic causes and therapeutics for autoimmune diseases such as Vitiligo, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroidism, etc. and use of probiotics in human health and diseases.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, C.G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University

N. Amaresan

Dr. N. Amaresan is an Assistant Professor at C.G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Gujarat. He is a Microbiologist, having obtained his Ph.D., degree on endophytic PGP bacteria from Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu. Dr. N. Amaresan has over thirteen years of experience in teaching & research and made several original and novel discoveries in various allied fields of microbiology mainly plant-microbe interactions, bioremediation, plant pathology and others. For his original discoveries on agriculturally important microorganisms he has been awarded young scientist awards by Association of Microbiologists of India and National Academy of Biological Sciences. He also been awarded visiting scientist fellowship from National Academy of India to learn advanced techniques. He also deposited over 380 bacterial 16S rDNA and fungal ITS rDNA sequences in the Genbank (NCBI, EMBL & DDBJ) and also preserved over 150 microbial germplasm in various culture collection centres of India.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, C.G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Gujarat, India

A Sankaranaryanan

Dr. A. Sankaranarayanan is working as an Assistant Professor in Microbiology, C.G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Gujarat from 2015 onwards. Prior to his present position he served as an Assistant Professor & Head, Department of Microbiology, K.S.R. College of Arts & Science, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu from 2002-2015. He has experience in the fields of antimicrobial activity, antibacterial potential of nanoparticles and environmental microbiology. His current research focus is on antibacterial potential of herbal products against multi drug resistant microbial pathogens and pesticide / insecticide degradation by bacteria and fungi in freshwater ecosystem.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor in Microbiology, C.G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Gujarat

Helen Kemp

Dr Helen Kemp completed her PhD in Microbiology at the University of Warwick and the Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Salisbury, in 1988. Since 1989, she has worked at the University of Sheffield as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology and then in the Department of Oncology and Metabolism. She has a long-standing interest in the autoimmune and genetic aspects of the depigmenting disease vitiligo and has international collaborations on projects to profile autoantibody responses against melanocytes in melanoma, vitiligo and alopecia areata. She is also interested in characterizing autoimmune responses against the calcium-sensing receptor in patients with parathyroid autoimmunity. She has published more than 70 research papers and has contributed to books and review articles. She has been on the British Skin Foundation Grant Review Board and served as Section Editor for the British Journal of Dermatology.

Affiliations and expertise

Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, UK