Premature Chromosome Condensation

Application in Basic, Clinical, and Mutation Research

1st Edition - January 28, 1982
Editor: P.N. Rao
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 5 2 1 5 - 0

Premature Chromosome Condensation: Application in Basic, Clinical, and Mutation Research emerged from a workshop supported by the International Union against Cancer that reviewed… Read more

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Premature Chromosome Condensation: Application in Basic, Clinical, and Mutation Research emerged from a workshop supported by the International Union against Cancer that reviewed the status of research on premature chromosome condensation and explored future possibilities, not least in relation to cancer. The workshop was held at the Institut für Humangenetik, Freie Universität Berlin, on September 6, 1980.

The book begins with a review of the process of premature chromosome condensation. This is followed by separate chapters on the functional and morphological aspects of premature chromosome condensation; the behavior of prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC) during mitosis in binucleate and multinucleate cells; chromosomes from spermatogenic cells; and micronucleus-derived PCC. Subsequent chapters discuss the application of banding techniques to the study of PCC; the factors involved in the condensation of interphase chromatin into chromosomes; and the induction of premature chromosome condensation in somatic plant cells.

This book will be helpful to readers working in basic and applied research or in teaching. These include cytogeneticists, cell biologists, biochemists, and investigators in the field of mutation research.

List of Contributors

Preface

1 The Phenomenon of Premature Chromosome Condensation

I. Introduction

II. The Phenomenon of Premature Chromosome Condensation

III. Historical Background

IV. Structure of Prematurely Condensed Chromosomes (PCC)

V. The Fate and Consequences of Premature Chromosome Condensation

VI. Factors Involved in the Induction of Premature Chromosome Condensation

VII. Differences between Prematurely Condensed Chromosomes and Metaphase Chromosomes

VIII. Summary

References

2 Cell Cycle and Chromosome Cycle: Morphological and Functional Aspects

I. Introduction

II. Orientation and Arrangement of Chromosomes during Interphase

III. Conformational Changes of PCC in the Course of the Cell Cycle

IV. Sites of RNA Synthesis of PCC

V. Conclusions

References

3 Spindle Formation and Chromosome Segregation Associated with Premature Chromosome Condensation

I. Introduction

II. Methodology

III. PCC during Mitosis

IV. Fate of PCC during the Second Cell Cycle

V. Conclusions

References

4 Prematurely Condensed Chromosomes of Spermatogenic Cells

I. Introduction

II. Testicular Cells

III. Fusion Procedure

IV. PCC of Spermatogenic Cells

V. Evaluation of the Clastogenic Effects of X Rays on Germ Cells

VI. Conclusions

References

5 Premature Chromosome Condensation in Micronuclei

I. Introduction

II. Experimental Evidence from M N and MN-PCC

III. Conclusions

References

6 Banding Patterns in Prematurely Condensed Chromosomes and the Underlying Structure of the Chromosome

I. Introduction

II. Banding Patterns in PCC and Mitotic Chromosomes

III. Structural Basis for Condensation and Banding

IV. Implications for Chromosome Model

V. Summary

References

7 Cytological Evaluation of Nucleolar Organizing Regions in Prematurely Condensed Chromosomes

I. Introduction

II. The Fate of the Nucleolus during Premature Chromosome Condensation

III. Correlation between NOR Association and Genetic Activity

IV. Silver Staining in Cells in Which RNA Synthesis Is Inhibited

V. Conclusions

References

8 Cell Cycle Analysis of Temperature-Sensitive Mutants by Premature Chromosome Condensation

I. Introduction

II. Techniques Used to Analyze Cell Cycle Events and the Terminal Phenotype of Temperature-Sensitive (ts) Cell Cycle Mutants

III. Premature Chromosome Condensation and the Study of ts Cell Cycle Mutants

IV. Analysis of Specific ts Cell Cycle Mutants by Premature Chromosome Condensation and FMF

V. Conclusions

References

9 A Temperature-Sensitive Mutant and the Nature of G2-Mitosis Transition

I. Introduction

II. Isolation and Growth Properties of the Cell Line ts85

III. Involvement of Histone HI Phosphorylation in Chromosome Condensation

IV. Factors Other than HI Kinase

V. Premature Chromosome Condensation and ts85

References

10 Factors Involved in Prophasing and Telophasing

I. Introduction

II. Prophasing

III. Telophasing

IV. Factors Involved in the Regulation of Prophasing and Telophasing

V. Perspective of Cell Fusion Experiments

VI. Participation of Ca and Mg Ions in Prophasing and Telophasing

VII. Current Model of Chromosome Condensation in Mitosis

References

11 Characterization of Chromosome Condensation Factors of Mammalian Cells

I. Introduction

II. Induction of Meiotic Maturation in Amphibian Oocytes as an Assay for Chromosome Condensation Factors

III. Characterization of Chromosome Condensation Factors from Mitotic HeLa Cells

IV. Chromosome Condensation Factors from CHO Mitotic Cells

V. Localization of Mitotic Factors on Metaphase Chromosomes

VI. Stability of Mitotic Factors

VII. Comparison of MPA from Mammalian Cells and Amphibian Oocytes

VIII. Conclusions

References

12 Prematurely Condensed Chromosomes and the Analysis of DNA and Chromosome Lesions

I. Introduction

II. Effects of Various DNA-Damaging Agents on DNA, PCC, and Metaphase Chromosomes

III. DNA Repair and Its Inhibition: Implications for Chromosome Integrity

IV. Involvement of Protein Synthesis in DNA and Chromosome Repair

V. Chromosome Repair during Interphase: The Restitution of PCC Structure

VI. Conclusion

References

13 Premature Chromosome Condensation in the Diagnosis of Malignancies

I. Introduction

II. Visualization of the Chromosome Condensation Cycle

III. Chromatin Changes Associated with Cellular Transformation

IV. Premature Chromosome Condensation Studies in Patients with Leukemia prior to Therapy

V. Changes in PCC during Remission Induction Therapy

VI. Predicting Relapse in Human Leukemia

VII. Biological Questions Raised by Premature Chromosome Condensation Studies

VIII. Conclusions

References

14 Premature Chromosome Condensation in Plant Cells and Its Potential Use in Genetic Manipulation

I. Introduction

II. Cell Cultures and Protoplast Fusion

III. Premature Chromosome Condensation in Plant Protoplasts

IV. Applications

V. Conclusions

References

Index