Points of View in the Modern History of Psychology

List of Contributors

Preface


1 Of History, and the Nature of This Book

Introduction

Three Phases in the History of Psychology

The Shaping of Viewpoints

Organizers in Writing History

On Philosophy and Biology

Plan of the Book

References


2 Wilhelm Wundt: Psychology as the Propaedeutic Science

Introduction 19

Intellectual Roots

The Emergence of Wundt's System

Wundt on Research Methods

The Structure of Wundtian Theory

Cultural Psychology

The Decline of Wundtian Psychology

References


3 Shaping a Tradition: Experimentalism Begins

Introduction 51

Georg Elias Müller, The Experimenter's Experimenter

The Leipzig Experimentalists

American Variations

A View from the Present

References


4 Early Sources and Basic Conceptions of Functionalism

Introduction

Early Philosophical Background of Functionalism

Biology for Philosophers

Biological Associationism

Evolutionary Associationism

Evolutionary Thought

Beyond Darwin

The French Contribution

Summary

References


5 American Functionalism

Introduction

Opposition to Evolution, Science, and Psychology

American Psychology Before 1890

The Turning Point

The Philosophy of Pragmatism and the "New" American Psychology

Chicago Functionalism

Summary

The Vanishing of Functionalism

References


6 The Origins of Behaviorism: Antecedents and Proclamation

Introduction

Elements of Behaviorism, 1850-1912

American Psychology with Nonhuman Subjects, 1898-1912

American Psychology with Human Subjects, 1912

The Behaviorist Manifesto, 1913-1914

Watson: The First Behaviorist

Why Watson?

Conclusion

References


7 The Growth of Behaviorism: Controversy and Diversity

Introduction

Reactions to Watsonian Behaviorism, 1913-1930

From Theory to Experimentation, 1930-1950

The Maturing of Skinnerian Behaviorism

Conclusion

References


8 Paradigm Found: A Deconstruction of the History of the Psychoanalytic Movement

Introduction

The Prehistory of Psychoanalysis

The Period of Discovery

The Founding of the Psychoanalytic Paradigm

Conclusion

References


9 Paradigm Lost: Psychoanalysis After Freud

Introduction

Ego Psychology

Object-Relations Theory

Hermeneutic Psychoanalysis

The Feminist Perspective

Conclusion

References


10 Notes Toward a History of Cognitive Psychology

Apologia and Agenda

Contemporary Cognitive Psychology: Form and Formative Years

Schematic Cognitive Psychology: Anticipations and Antecedents

References


11 Gestalt Psychology: Origins in Germany and Reception in the United States

Introduction

Gestalt Theory in Germany

The Reception of Gestalt Theory in the United States

Conclusion

References Notes

References


12 Biological Contributions to the Development of Psychology

Introduction

Brain Systems as Organs of Mind

Brain, Reflex, and Will

Brain and Consciousness

Brain and Feelings

Brain Models of Mind

Counterpoint: A Brainless and Mindless Evolutionary Psychology

Coda: Brain as Machinery of Mind

References


13 Antagonism and Interaction: The Relations of Philosophy to Psychology

Introduction

Philosophy Disowns Psychology

Philosophical Influences on Psychology: The Case of Behaviorism, 1913-1950

Psychological Influences on Philosophy: The Case of Genetic Epistemology

Eighty Years of the Mind-Body Problem

After the Second World War: The Fruits of Informed Interaction

References


14 Retrospect and Prospect: The Era of Viewpoints, Continued

Introduction

The Philosophical Context

The Biological Context

The Theological and Religious Context

Perspective on Points of View

References

Author Index

Subject Index