Plant RNA Viruses

Molecular Pathogenesis and Management

1st Edition - March 21, 2023
Editors: Rajarshi Kumar Gaur, Basavaprabhu L. Patil, Ramasamy Selvarajan
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 3 3 9 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 3 3 8 - 2

Plant RNA Viruses: Molecular Pathogenesis and Management provides wide-ranging coverage on the recognition and signaling events between plants and RNA viruses. The book examines… Read more

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Plant RNA Viruses: Molecular Pathogenesis and Management provides wide-ranging coverage on the recognition and signaling events between plants and RNA viruses. The book examines the molecular biology of signaling, host-virus interaction, RNA virus diversity, and how plants and cellular pathogens interact. Sections cover Virus Diversity and Diagnosis, Virus-Host Interactions and Virus Management. Specific chapters discuss classification and nomenclature of viruses, detail the molecular characteristics of viral genomes, highlight the viral manipulation of cellular key regulatory systems for successful virus infection, and discuss the movement of plant viruses into plant cells.

Additional topics include RNA plant viruses and host interaction, detection and diversity of plant RNA viruses, and strategies for combating and management of plant viruses. With contributions from an international group of experts, the book is a comprehensive reference for those in research, academia, industry and anybody engaging in the study of plant viruses at the molecular level.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
About the editors
Preface
Section I: Virus diversity and diagnosis
Chapter 1: Genomic properties of potyviruses and their adaptation to hosts
Abstract
Introduction
Genomic and biological properties of potyviral proteins
Symptomatology, host range, and transmission
Host-pathogen interactions
Current status of potyviruses in India
Control and management
References
Chapter 2: Single-stranded RNA viruses infecting cucurbits
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Introduction
Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses
Negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses
Conclusions
References
Further reading
Chapter 3: Luteoviruses
Abstract
Introduction
Economic importance
Taxonomy, nomenclature, and evolutionary relationship
Morphology and genome organization
Gene expression strategies and functions of the encoded proteins
Host range, symptoms, transmission, and geographical distribution
Diagnostics
Management
Conclusion and future works
References
Chapter 4: Evolution, transmission, and management of Emaraviruses
Abstract
Morphology of Emaraviruses
Emaravirus genome organization
Viral proteins
Replication and encapsidation of emaraviral RNA
Biology of Emaraviruses
Variability and phylogenetics of Emaraviruses with emphasis on PPSMV
Etiology and epidemiology of emaraviral diseases
Host range of Emaraviruses
Transmission of Emaraviruses
Emaravirus diagnostics and management
References
Chapter 5: Cassava brown streak ipomoviruses
Abstract
The current pandemic of cassava brown streak disease in eastern Africa
Etiology and symptoms of cassava brown streak disease
Transmission and host range of cassava brown streak ipomoviruses
Spread of CBSD and monitoring surveys
Genome structure of CBSIs
Evolution and diversity of CBSIs
Diagnosis of CBSIs
Management of CBSD
References
Chapter 6: Citrus tristeza virus
Abstract
Introduction
CTV genome organization and expression
CTV-induced diseases
Transmission and epidemiology
CTV diagnosis
Strain characterization and genetic variation
References
Chapter 7: Papaya ring spot virus: Status of 80 years of global research
Abstract
Introduction
General properties of the virus
Serological properties
Biological properties
Molecular properties
Molecular evolution and epidemiology
PRSV-host-vector interactions
Management options
Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 8: Molecular biology and management of tobacco mosaic virus
Abstract
Introduction
Stability of TMV
The establishment of TMV infection in the host plant
The replication process and subgenomic RNA synthesis
Cell-to-cell movement of TMV
Control of tobacco mosaic virus
Field management practices to control tobacco mosaic disease
Elimination of soil-borne inoculum
Control of TMV inoculum from weeds and Solanaceous crops
Sanitization of farm equipment
Prevention of secondary spread of TMV
Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Cucurbit-infecting poleroviruses: Emerging plant RNA viruses in Indian agriculture
Abstract
Introduction
Occurrence and distribution of cucurbit-infecting poleroviruses
Economic importance
Biological properties
Virion properties
Genome organization, functions, and virus-vector-host interactions
Genetic variability
Detection and diagnosis
Management
Future thrust areas of research and concluding remarks
References
Chapter 10: Epidemiology of potyviruses infecting crops of cucurbitaceae
Abstract
Introduction
Potyviridae family
Potyvirus
Genome
Symptoms and transmission
Diagnosis
Potyvirus in Cucurbitaceae
Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV)
Zucchini yellow mosaic virus
References
Chapter 11: Ecology and evolution of papaya ringspot virus
Abstract
Introduction
Papaya ringspot virus
Ecology, epidemiology, and evolution
Conclusions
References
Chapter 12: Biodiversity and characterization of economically important viruses on potato cultivars
Abstract
Introduction
Economically important viruses on potato cultivars
Methods for prevention of potato nurseries and plantations from viral diseases
Host potato resistance to viral pathogens
Control measures against viruses
References
Section II: Virus-host interactions
Chapter 13: Virus-vector interaction and transmission in plants
Abstract
Introduction
Replication and movement of plant viruses
Plant viruses and insect vectors
Classification of insect vectors for RNA plant viruses
Nonpersistent transmission
Noncirculative, semipersistent transmission
Circulative transmission
Persistent viruses
References
Chapter 14: The molecular techniques to identify plant host-virus interactions and their implications on transmission
Abstract
Introduction
Diagnostic techniques for plant virus infections
Techniques utilized to identify plant host-virus interactions in insect vectors
Conclusions
References
Chapter 15: Plant-virus interactions in plant innate immunity
Abstract
Introduction
Vectors of plant viruses
Molecular mechanisms: Plant-virus pathogenesis
RNA interference (RNAi)
Phytohormone-mediated defense
Antagonistic interactions
General introduction and molecular mechanisms underlying antagonistic interactions
Conclusions and future directions
References
Chapter 16: Plant cell apoplast and symplast dynamic association with plant-RNA virus interactions as a vital effect of host response
Abstract
Introduction
Symplast: Alteration by viral pathogens
Apoplast: Alteration by viral pathogens
Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: Plant RNA virus vector interactions in epidemiology of plant viral diseases
Abstract
Introduction
Different modes of plant RNA viruses transmission and their classification
Insect vectors of plant RNA viruses
Host-vector interactions mediated by plant RNA viruses
Epidemiology of plant RNA viruses
Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 18: Molecular approaches in plant host-virus interaction studies
Abstract
Introduction
Molecular mechanism of virus entry and movement in host plant
Effect of viral infection on the expression of host genes
Physiological changes in plant
Antiviral defense mechanism by host plant
RNAi suppression by viruses
Summary
References
Chapter 19: Virus-vector interaction with special reference to RNA virus of important crop plants: An appraisal
Abstract
Introduction
Virus
Transmission of plant viruses
Pathway of plant-virus transmission
Methods of transmission
Management of plant viral diseases
References
Section III: Virus management
Chapter 20: Plant virus disease control by vaccination and transgenic approaches: Current status and perspective
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Selection, isolation, and generation of attenuated viruses
Unexpected additional merit by attenuated virus
Monitoring attenuated virus in applied fields
Molecular bases of viral attenuation and pathogenicity
Mechanisms of cross protection/interference
Transgenic approach
Perspective
References
Further reading
Chapter 21: Understanding the principles of transitive silencing
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Primary small interfering RNAs
Secondary or transitive small interfering RNAs
Transitive-silencing
RNA-dependent RNA polymerases
Spread of silencing
Conclusion
References
Chapter 22: Cucumber mosaic virus management: Conventional, indigenous technical knowledge and molecular approaches
Abstract
Introduction
Conventional approaches
Indigenous technical knowledge on virus disease management
Molecular approaches
Certification of CMV-free plants
Conclusion
References
Chapter 23: Eukaryotic translation initiation factor-mediated resistance to RNA viruses
Abstract
Introduction
Biological function of eIF4E
eIF4E as a host factor in virus infection
Domains involved in the interaction of VPg and eIF4E
Cloned natural recessive resistance genes encoding eIF4E and eIF4(iso)E
Approaches for developing virus resistance crops
Conclusion
References
Chapter 24: Genetic analysis of banana bract mosaic virus and its management
Abstract
Introduction
Symptomatology
Genome organization
Comparative analysis of the whole genome of BBrMV isolates
Genetic diversity
Evolutionary distance, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions and deletions (INDELs), synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations
Codon-based analysis and genetic differentiation between the BBrMV populations of HC-pro, VPg, and CP gene
Phylogenetic analysis
Recombination
Management of BBrMV
Elimination of BBrMV
Application of higher doses of fertilizers
Molecular detection
Transgenic approach
Genome editing
Conclusion
References
Chapter 25: RNAi-based pesticides: A magic bullet to deal with plant viruses
Abstract
Introduction
RNAi mechanisms and its application to medicine and agriculture
RNAi-based strategies for plant virus resistance_ Transgenic application
RNAi-based strategies for plant virus resistance_ Exogenous application
Nanoparticles as carriers of RNAi for plant virus control
Risk assessment considerations for RNAi-based pesticides
Production of dsRNA
Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 26: Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) and the management of peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND)
Abstract
Introduction
Peanut bud necrosis disease
Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV)
Management of the PBND/GBNV
Use of resistant/tolerant/transgenic genotypes
Conclusion
References
Chapter 27: Century of plant virus management: A way forward
Abstract
Introduction
Economic losses
Management
Summary
References
Further reading
Chapter 28: RNA interference against RNA viruses in plants
Abstract
Introduction
Major RNA viruses infecting plants
Approaches for virus disease management
Protein-based resistance developed using the genes from virus sources
Mechanisms of RNA silencing
Components of RNA silencing pathway
RNA silencing in plants
RNAi-mediated resistance in plants against RNA viruses
Applications of RNAi
Conclusion
References
Index

Rajarshi Kumar Gaur

Dr Rajarshi Kumar Gaur earned his PhD in 2005 and is now a Professor in the Department of Biotechnology, Gorakhpur University, India. His PhD was on molecular characterization of sugarcane viruses, viz., mosaic, streak mosaic and yellow luteovirus. In 2007 he received the Visiting Scientist Fellowship from Swedish Institute Fellowship, Sweden to work at Umeå University, Sweden. He received MASHAV fellowship of Israel government for his post-doctoral studies and joined The Volcani Centre, Israel and BenGurion University, Negev, Israel. He received Post-Doc. Fellowship from ICGEB, Italy in 2008. He has made significant contributions on sugarcane viruses and published 130 national/international papers, authored 17 books, including Elsevier title Plant Virus-Host Interaction, Second Edition. and presented approximately 50 papers at national and international conferences. He has been honored as a Fellow of Linnean Society, Fellow of Royal society of Biology, Fellow of Society of Plant Research. Fellow of Society of Applied Biology (FSAB) and Fellow of International Society of Biotechnology (FISBT),

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Biotechnology D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Basavaprabhu L. Patil

Dr. Basavaprabhu L. Patil obtained his PhD from the Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi (South Campus), New Delhi, India. During his PhD, he worked in a European Union-funded program on geminiviruses, in collaboration with the John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom. During his PhD, he also worked as a DAAD Scholar at the University of Stuttgart, Germany. He did his postdoctoral research at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, United States (2006–10) and contributed to the characterization of cassava viruses from Africa and the development of virus-resistant transgenic cassava. Later (2011–12), he moved to the University of Basel, Switzerland, to work on characterization of cassava viruses from India in an Indo-Swiss program. Since 2018, he has been working as a Principal Scientist at ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India. He has published extensively in reputed journals, and has several book chapters & books to his credit. He has also trained several research scholars from Africa, the Americas, and India in the area of molecular plant virology and RNA-interference technology. He has received several fellowships and grants during his research career and was honored with the IVS Fellow Award by the Indian Virological Society in 2014 in recognition of his contribution to the field of plant virology. He received the European Union’s Erasmus Mundus scholarship in 2016. In 2022, he received the prestigious Fulbright-Nehru Academic & Professional Excellence Fellowship to visit University of California, Davis (USA). Recently, he was conferred with Prof. B.M. Johri memorial Award, by the Society for Plant Research (India). He has served as an external expert to assess the scientists from CSIR (Council for Scientific & Industrial Research, India) & ICAR (India). He is also a recognized editor for International Journals, and reviewer for Indian/International Grant Applications.

Affiliations and expertise

Division of Basic Sciences (Biotechnology Unit), ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Ramasamy Selvarajan

Dr. R. Selvarajan completed his PhD degree in Plant Pathology (Plant Virology) from the ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi. He started his career as a scientist in ICAR-IIHR, Bangalore and joined ICAR- National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu in 1996. He has served as Principal Scientist (Plant Virology) since 2009. He developed effective cutting-edge indigenous diagnostic kits for banana viruses, and his Molecular Virology lab has been recognized as Accredited Test TL by DBT. He guides three PhDs and 71 M.Sc. and M. Phil students. He has published 73 research papers in national and international journals in addition to 2 books, 20 book chapters, 7 technical bulletins, 30 popular articles, and 8 training manuals. He has served as Secretary of the Indian Virological Society since 2014, is an editor for Virus Disease, an associate of professional societies, and has organized national and international trainings, symposium and conferences.

Affiliations and expertise

Principal Scientist ICAR- National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India