Plant Parasitic Nematodes

1st Edition - November 28, 1981
Editor: Bert Zuckerman
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 7 0 3 - 3

Plant Parasitic Nematodes, Volume III provides a comprehensive discussion of the different advances in plant nematology. This includes biochemical techniques to taxonomy and… Read more

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Plant Parasitic Nematodes, Volume III provides a comprehensive discussion of the different advances in plant nematology. This includes biochemical techniques to taxonomy and innovation in transmission and scanning electron microscopy technology. It explains a broadened basis for understanding nematode physiology and behavior and the sensory mechanisms that govern nematode actions and plant host-nematode interactions. The book discusses the development of modern approaches to the evaluation and reduction of crop losses. The emphasis of this volume is on plant parasites and insights gained through research on other nematodes. In particular, the book explains the anatomical, developmental, behavioral, and genetic studies on the free-living nematode Cenorhabditis elegans, which is a widely used laboratory model for examining various biological problems. The information provided by various researches on C. elegans increases our understanding about the relevance of nematodes to general biological processes in higher organisms, including man. The book is divided into 19 chapters which cover the following concepts of plant nematology: biochemistry, cytochemistry, and genetics; morphology and function; host-parasite relations; and evaluation and control of crop losses. The present volume is an excellent reference for students, lecturers, and research professionals in plant parasitology and related fields.

List of Contributors

Preface

Contents of Other Volumes

Biochemistry, Cytochemistry, and Genetics

1. Potential Use of Protein Patterns and DNA Nucleotide Sequences in Nematode Taxonomy

I. Principles of Molecular Taxonomy

II. Proteins as Taxonomic Criteria

III. DNA as Taxonomic Criteria

IV. Conclusions

References

2. The Gene-for-Gene Relationship and Its Significance for Potato Cyst Nematodes and Their Solanaceous Hosts

I. Introduction

II. Feeding and the Feeding Site

III. Genetic Consequences of Mode of Feeding

IV. The Gene-for-Gene Relationship

V. Heterozygosity of Populations

VI. Nature of Resistance

VII. General Effects of Major Genes

VIII. Function of Ν Genes

IX. Modeling the Effects of Selection

References

3. Sex Determination in Nematodes

I. Introduction

II. Nematodes with Sex Chromosomes

III. Nematodes without Sex Chromosomes

References

4. Genetics of Plant-Nematode Interactions

I. Introduction

II. Physiological Specialization

III. Genetics of Host-Parasite Relationships

IV. Coevolution

V. Breeding for Resistance

VI. Conclusions

References

5. Electron Microscope Histochemistry

I. Introduction

II. Physical Methods

III. Cytochemical Methods

IV. Electron Microscope Autoradiography

References

Morphology and Function

6. Sensory Structures

I. Introduction

II. Morphology

III. Function

IV. Conclusions

References

7. Scanning Electron Microscopic Techniques and Applications for Use in Nematology

I. Introduction

II. Advantages of the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

III. Image Formation

IV. Preparation Techniques

V. Specialized Techniques

VI. Applications

VII. Conclusions

References

8. Recent Advances in the Study of Anhydrobiotic Nematodes

I. Introduction

II. Structural Modifications

III. Ultrastructural Changes

IV. Water Dynamics of Nematodes during Dehydration and Rehydration

V. Metabolic Changes during Dehydration and Resumption of Activity

VI. Resistance of Anhydrobiotic Nematodes to Unfavorable Conditions

VII. Economic Implications

VIII. Conclusions

References

9. Hierarchies in Nematode Behavior

I. Introduction

II. Activity and Movement

III. Dispersion and Orientation in Nematodes

IV. Changes in Behavior with Age

V. Changes in Behavior with Acclimatization

VI. The Biological Interpretation of Behavioral Responses

VII. Summary

References

Host-Parasite Relations

10. The Development and Function of Plant Cells Modified by Endoparasitic Nematodes

I. Introduction

II. Morphology and Development of Modified Cells

III. Comparison of Structural Features

IV. Function of Modified Cells

V. Mechanisms of Giant Cell-Syncytial Induction

References

11. Nematode-Virus Interactions

I. Introduction

II. Geographical Distribution and Virus Associations

III. Virus Transmission

References

12. The Anguina-Corynebacterium Association

I. The Genus Anguina

II. The Genus Corynebacterium

III. Interactions between Anguina and Corynebacterium and Their Hosts

IV. Conclusions

References

13. Ectoparasitic Root Nematodes: Feeding Behavior and Plant Cell Responses

I. Introduction

II. Nematode Feeding Behavior

III. Cell Responses to Feeding

IV. Summary

References

Evaluation and Control of Crop Losses

14. Integrated Nematode Management for Plant Protection

I. Introduction

II. Problem Analysis

III. System Evaluation

IV. Management System Design and Implementation

V. Conclusion

References

15. Plant Resistance to Nematodes

I. Introduction

II. Preinfectional Factors for Resistance

III. Postinfectional Factors for Resistance

References

16. Mathematical Approaches to the Assessment of Crop Damage

I. Introduction

II. Mathematical Models for Crop Damage Assessment

III. Parameter Measurement and Estimation

IV. Model Validation and Prediction

V. Perspective

References

17. Nematicides: Mode of Action and New Approaches to Chemical Control

I. Introduction

II. Biological and Biochemical Action of Nematicides

III. Movement of Systemic Nematicides in Plants

IV. New Approaches to Chemical Control

V. Prospects for Resistance

VI. Conclusions

References

18. Sampling Nematode Populations

I. Introduction

II. Sampling Procedures

III. Care and Conditioning of Soil and Plant Tissue Samples

IV. Estimation of the Population Structure and Density

V. Methods of Describing Nematode Populations

References

19. Microbial Control of Nematodes

I. Introduction

II. Viruses

III. Bacterial and Rickettsia-Like Parasites and Pathogens

IV. The Nematode-Destroying Fungi

V. Conclusion

References

Index