Plant Disease: An Advanced Treatise

How Pathogens Induce Disease

1st Edition - November 28, 1979
Editor: James G. Horsfall
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 8 4 0 - 5

Plant Disease An Advanced Treatise, Volume IV: How Pathogens Induce Disease describes the mechanisms of induction of various types of plant dysfunction by parasites and pathogens.… Read more

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Plant Disease An Advanced Treatise, Volume IV: How Pathogens Induce Disease describes the mechanisms of induction of various types of plant dysfunction by parasites and pathogens. Comprised of 22 chapters, this volume focuses on the effects of major group of pathogens on plant, including fungi, bacteria, nematodes, mycoplasmas, ricketssia, insects, and parasitic seed plants. This volume begins with a series of theoretical and analytical discussions on the evolution and energetics of pathogens, predisposition phenomena, multiple pathogen interactions, and the penetration and colonization of hosts by pathogens. Considerable chapters describe the unique features and special adaptations of each major group of pathogens. This text includes discussions on the special relationships the mycoplasmas and rickettsia have developed with insects and viruses; their effects on growth and differentiation of the plant hosts; and the origin and evolutionary development of these pathogens. This volume also describes what is known about plant disease induction in other plants with toxic chemicals and the role of toxic residues in plant refuse and in the “sickness” phenomenon. A chapter examines a series of iatrogenic diseases and the mechanisms by which they are induced. The concluding chapters deal with the effect of diseased plants and plant pathogens in livestock and human beings. This volume is an invaluable source for plant pathologists, mycologists, advanced researches, and graduate students.

List of Contributors Preface Contents of Other Volumes Tentative Contents of Other VolumesChapter 1 Prologue: How Pathogens Induce Disease I. Introduction II. The Battlefield of Attack and Defense III. The Perspective of the Pathogen in Plant Disease IV. What is a Pathogen? V. The Concept of Induction VI. Communication about Pathogenic and Environmental Stress Factors in Plants VII. The Stimulatory and Inhibitory Influences of Koch's Postulates VIII. The Tactical Weapons of Offense IX. Some Highlights of Volume IV X. An Overview of the Treatise References Chapter 2 The Evolution of Parasitic Fitness I. Introduction II. What is Parasitic Fitness? III. Measuring Parasitic Fitness IV. Parasitic Fitness and Genetic Complexity V. Whence Comest Thou? VI. What Hast Thou Been Up To? VII. Whither Goest Thou? VIII. Epilogue Suggested ReferencesChapter 3 The energetics of Parasitism, Pathogenism, and Resistance in Plant Disease I. Introduction II. Types of Localization of Energy Sources in Host Cells III. Energetics from the Pathogen Perspective IV. Competition between Pathogen and Host for Carbohydrates in Host Cells V. Change in Energy Metabolism in Host Cells in Response to Infection with Pathogens VI. A Speculative Look to the Future References Chapter 4 Predisposition by the Environment I. Development of the Concept II. Definition of the Term "Predisposition by the Environment" III. Terms Considered Comparable with Predisposition IV. Environmental Factors Bringing about Predisposition V. Interaction of Factors VI. Significance of Predisposition in Plant Pathology References Chapter 5 External Synergisms among Organisms Inducing Disease I. Introduction II. Synergism III. Problems Faced by Pathogens in Spreading from Plant to Plant IV. Qualitative Aspects of the External Relationships between Pathogens and Other Organisms V. Conclusions References Chapter 6 Internal Synergisms among Organisms Inducing Disease I. Introduction II. Components of a Synergistic Relationship III. Possible Mechanisms of Internal Synergism IV. Selected Examples of Internal Synergism V. Some Thoughts about Experimental Approaches VI. Reflections References Chapter 7 How the Defenses are Breached I. Introduction II. Events before the Penetration Process III. Mode of Penetration IV. Conclusions and Outlook References Chapter 8 How the Beach Head is Widened I. Introduction II. Attack Mechanisms III. Concluding Remarks References Chapter 9 How Fungi Induced Disease I. Introduction II. Conceptualization of Fungal Pathogenesis III. Receptive and Response Host Components IV. The Fungal Arsenal V. Pathogenesis References Chapter 10 How Bacteria Induce Disease I. Introduction II. Initial Interactions between Bacteria and Plants III. Opportunistic Bacteria and Synergistic Relationships IV. Mechanisms of Disease Induction V. Areas for Future Research ReferencesChapter 11 How Mycoplasmas and Rickettsias Induce Disease I. Introduction II. Etiology III. Ecological Factors IV. Insect Vectors V. Mode of Action VI. Viruses Associated with MLOs and RLOs VII. Unsolved Problems VIII. Origin and Evolution of MLOs and RLOs IX. Conclusions and Summary References Chapter 12 How Nematodes Induce Disease I. Introduction II. Cyto- and Histopathology III. Chemical and Physiological Pathology IV. Mechanisms of Pathogenicity V. A Vision of the Future VI. Summary References Chapter 13 How insects Induce Disease I. Introduction II. Insect-Derived Phytoallactins III. Insects as Components of Phytopathogenic Symbiotic Complexes IV. Summary References Chapter 14 How Viruses and Viroids Induce Disease I. Introduction II. Definition of Disease III. Factors Influencing Symptom Expression IV. Earlier Speculations on Disease Induction V. Products of Virus and Viroid Infection That May Induce Disease VI. Which Products are Involved? VII. The Lessons from Viroids and Satellite RNAs VIII. Current Speculations on Disease Induction IX. Conclusions ReferencesChapter 15 How Air Pollutants Induce Disease I. Introduction II. Questions Being Posed by Air Pollution Phytotoxicologists III. Interactions of Air Pollutants with the Plant IV. Questions Air Pollution Phytotoxicologists have Answered V. Conclusions References Chapter 16 How Parasitic Seed Plants Induce Disease in Other Plants I. Introduction II. An Overview III. The Invading Parasite IV. Disease Induced by the Parasite V. A Nitrogen Starvation Hypothesis of Pathogenicity VI. Summary ReferencesChapter 17 Allelopathy I. Introduction and Terminology II. Historical Background III. Allelopathic Interactions in Natural Ecosystems IV. Allelopathic Interactions in Managed Ecosystems V. Source and Release of Allelopathic Chemicals VI. Chemical Nature of Allelopathic Compounds VII. Mechanisms of Action of Allelopathic Chemicals VIII. Path of Allelopathic Chemicals in the Environment ReferencesChapter 18 Self-Induce Disease I. Introduction II. Site-Bound Self-Induced Diseases III. Plant-Bound Self-Induced Diseases IV. Discussion References Chapter 19 Iatrogenic Disease: Mechanisms of Action I. Introduction II. Reduced Resistance of the Host III. Increased Inoculum Potential of the Pathogen IV. Altered Microclimate to Favor Disease V. Future Prospects References Chapter 20 Mycotoxins and Their Medical and Veterinary Effects I. Introduction II. Veterinary Mycotoxicoses III. Human Mycotoxicoses IV. Suspected Mycotoxin-Related Syndromes V. Prospects for Future Research and Control References Chapter 21 The Epidemiology and Management of Aflatoxins and Other Mycotoxins I. Introduction II. The Challenges of Research on Mycotoxin Diseases III. Disease Management IV. Epidemiological Considerations V. Summary ReferencesChapter 22 The Effects of Plant Parasitic and Other Fungi on Man I. Field and Storage Fungi II. Toxic Mushrooms III. Hallucinogenic Mushrooms IV. Fungus Spores and Respiratory Allergy ReferencesAuthor IndexSubject Index