Plant Disease: An Advanced Treatise

How Disease Is Managed

1st Edition - July 28, 1977
Editor: James G. Horsfall
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 8 3 8 - 2

Plant Disease, Volume I: How Disease is Managed is part of a five-volume treatise that discusses the sociology of plant pathology. This volume discusses the great variety of… Read more

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Plant Disease, Volume I: How Disease is Managed is part of a five-volume treatise that discusses the sociology of plant pathology. This volume discusses the great variety of techniques for the diagnosis of plant disease; crop destruction; and theory behind the art of disease management. It also explores topics on how society is constraining the possibilities for management; management of diseases through changing the environment; biological control of plant diseases; weed management through pathogens; and the epidemiologic and genetic concepts of managing host genes. Subsequent chapter presents the management of plant disease with chemicals and some examples of diseases that benefit man and even a few that benefit plants. This book also describes the organization and operation of society-supported disease management activities, as well as important advisory services provided by the industry. This volume concludes with proposals for the education of the practitioners of plant pathology. This work is intended for the advanced researcher in plant pathology to broaden his views, stimulate his thinking, and help to synthesize ideas.

List of Contributors

Preface

Tentative Contents of other Volumes

Chapter 1 Prologue: How Disease is Managed

I. Introduction

II. An Overview of the Treatise

III. What is Disease?

IV. What is Plant Pathology?

V. How Does Plant Pathology Relate to other Sciences?

VI. What Has Plant Pathology Contributed to other Sciences?

VII. The Economics of Plant Pathology

VIII. An Overview of Volume I

References

Chapter 2 The Sociology of Plant Pathology

I. The Pressures for Objectivity

II. The Effects of the Ambient Milieu

III. Ignorance Generates Mysticism

IV. The Reformation Begins

V. The Milieu Surrounding Spontaneous Generation

VI. The Milieu of the Industrial Revolution

VII. The Demise of the Amateur

VIII. A Hall of Fame for Plant Pathologists

IX. The Scientific Genealogy of Plant Pathologists

X. The Clustering of Plant Pathologists

XI. Plant Pathologists Talk to Each other

XII. Plant Pathologists Talk to Society

XIII. Conclusion

References

Chapter 3 How Disease is Diagnosed

I. Introduction

II. Diagnosis is an Art Form

III. Current Diagnostic Procedures

IV. Requirements for New Tests

V. Unproved Diagnostic Procedures

VI. Future Diagnostic Schemes

VII. Diagnosing Predisposition

VIII. Diagnostic Centers—Present and Future

IX. The Choice and the Procedure

References

Chapter 4 Crop Destruction-The Raison Detre of Plant Pathology

I. Introduction

II. Classification of Disease Losses

III. Production Efficiency and Plant Diseases

IV. Quantitative Models for Disease Assessment

V. Survey Methods and Remote Sensing

VI. Economics of Disease Loss

VII. Crop Destruction and the Management of Disease Losses

VIII. Summary

References

Chapter 5 The Theory of Disease Management

I. Introduction

II. Historical Perspective of Plant Disease Control

III. Disease Control or Disease Management?

IV. Rationale for Integrated Pest Management Systems

V. Principles of Disease Management

VI. Perspective of Plant Pathogens in the Agroecosystem

VII. Opportunities for Disease Management

References

Chapter 6 Societal Constraints on Management

I. Introduction

II. Laws Requiring the Use of Uniform Varieties

III. other Laws Pertaining to Disease Management

IV. Constraints on Management with Chemicals

V. The Rachel Carson Syndrome

VI. Some Possible Solutions to the Conflict

VII. The Effect of the Carson Syndrome on Plant Pathology

VIII. Constraints on Developing Resistant Varieties

IX. other Constraints on Management

X. Flow Chart of the Carson Syndrome

References

Chapter 7 Management of the Environment

I. Interface between Environmental and Biological Management

II. Managing the Physical Environment—Crops in the Field

III. Managing the Physical Environment—Crops Grown or Held in Enclosures

IV. Managing Disease by Cultural Control

References

Chapter 8 Management of the Associated Microbiota

I. Introduction

II. The Theory behind Management of Associated Microbiota

III. The Art of Managing the Associated Microbiota

References

Chapter 9 Managing Weeds with Pathogens

I. The Need for a New Strategy to Control Weeds

II. The Principle of Biocontrol

III. Efforts in Biological Weed Control with Plant Pathogens

IV. Reduction to Practice

V. Conclusions

References

Chapter 10 Therapy by Heat, Radiation, and Meristem Culture

I. Introduction

II. Heat

III. Radiation

IV. Meristem Culture

V. Miscellaneous Methods of Therapy

VI. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 11 Managing Hostgenes: Epidiomiologic and Genetic Concepts

I. Introduction

II. Resistance Terminology and Definitions

III. Genetic Concepts of Resistance

IV. Epidemiologic Concepts of Resistance

V. Genetics of Host-Pathogen Interactions in Natural Ecosystems

VI. Management of Genes for Genetic Resistance/Susceptibility/Tolerance to Achieve Epidemiologic Dilatory Resistance or Tolerance

VII. Miscibility of Different Types of Resistance, Fungicides, and Antagonists in Disease Management Systems

References

Chapter 12 Management with Chemicals

I. Introduction

II. Theory and Strategy of Chemical Use

III. Use of Chemicals to Reduce the Amount or Efficacy of the Initial Inoculum

IV. Use of Chemicals to Reduce the Rate of Inoculum Production

V. Expected Future Developments

VI. Conclusion

References

Chapter 13 Mechanism of Action of Fungicides

I. Unspecifically Acting Fungicides

II. Specifically Acting Fungicides

References

Chapter 14 Action of Nematicides

I. Introduction

II. The Problem

III. Types of Nematicides

IV. Biological Action

V. Action in Soil

VI. Ecological Repercussions

References

Chapter 15 Action of Antiviral Agents

I. Introduction

II. Inhibitors against Virus Infection

III. Inhibitors against Virus Multiplication

IV. Regulation of Virus Synthesis

V. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 16 Chemotherapy

I. Introduction

II. Selective Action

III. Antipathogen Efficacy

IV. Mobility in the Plant

V. Molecular Stability

VI. Practical Use

VII. Evaluation and Prospects

References

Chapter 17 Pathogens Become Resistant to Chemicals

I. Introduction

II. Genetic and Biochemical Mechanisms

III. Field Aspects of Resistance

IV. Management of Resistance

References

Chapter 18 Management of Beneficial Plant Diseases

I. Definition of a Beneficial Disease

II. Plant Diseases Destructive to Plants, but Beneficial to Man

III. Plant Diseases That Benefit both Plants and Man

IV. Plant Diseases Primarily Beneficial to Plants

V. Hypothetical Uses of Plant Diseases for Man's Benefit

VI. Conclusions

References

Chapter 19 Society Supported Disease Management Activities

I. Introduction

II. FAO as the World Coordination Center for Plant Protection

III. World Health Organization Responsible for Toxicological Evaluation

IV. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

V. Regional Governmental Plant Protection Organizations

VI. Society Supported Health Delivery Services in Individual Countries

VII. Conclusions and Outlook

References

Chapter 20 Privately Supported Disease Management Activities

I. Introduction

II. Enterprises Involved

III. Regulations and Safeguards

IV. Incentives

V. Trends

References

Chapter 21 Education for the Practitioner

I. Introduction

II. The Programs of Study

III. Program Implementation

IV. Summary

References

Author Index

Subject Index