Plant Breeding for Pest and Disease Resistance

Studies in the Agricultural and Food Sciences: Plant Breeding for Pest and Disease Resistance presents a critical review of the development of resistant varieties of plant to pests and diseases. It discusses the economic impact of pests and diseases; the methods of controlling these pests and diseases; and the challenges being faced by a plant breeder. Some of the topics covered in the book are the general principles and methods of breeding for resistance; importance of parasite variability to the plant breeder; methods of testing for resistance; requirements for successful inoculation; production of resistant varieties; and economic importance of fungal diseases; and variability in fungal pathogen. Pathogenic fungi and fungal diseases are also covered. The control of fungal diseases by resistant varieties is discussed. An in-depth analysis of diseases in plants is provided. The characteristics of bacteria and bacterial diseases are also presented. A chapter is devoted to epidemiology of diseases associated with mycoplasma-like organisms and rickettsia-like organisms.
The book can provide useful information to farmers, botanists, students, and researchers.

I Some Concepts of Breeding for Resistance

1 The Control of Pests and Diseases

Lettuce: Root Aphid

Scots Pine: Pine Root Collar Weevil, European Pine Sawfly, Zimmerman Pine Moth, White (Eastern) Pine Shoot Borer, Pine Grosbeak, Conclusions

Citrus: California Red Scale

Sorghum: Bird Pests

REFERENCES - PART IV

2 General Principles and Methods of Breeding for Resistance

Historical

Resistance in Relation to Other Breeding Objectives

Terminology and Some Theoretical Concepts

The Importance of Parasite Variability to the Plant Breeder

Sources of Resistance

Inheritance of Resistance

Methods of Testing for Resistance

Requirements for Successful Inoculation

The assessment of Resistance

Selecting for Resistance

Production of Resistant Varieties

Conclusions

References - Part I

II Resistance to Fungal Diseases

3 Pathogenic Fungi and Fungal Diseases

The Economic Importance of Fungal Diseases

Some Characteristics of Fungi and Fungal Diseases

Variability in Fungal Pathogens

Types of Resistance

Sources of Resistance

The Inheritance of Resistance

Testing and Selecting for Resistance

Disease assessment Methods

Factors Affecting The Expression of Resistance

The Control of Fungal Diseases by Resistant Varieties

4 Examples O Breeding for Resistance to Fungal Diseases

Wheat: Yellow (Stripe) Rust, Stem Rust, Leaf (Brown) Rust

Barley: Powdery Mildew

Rice: Blast

Maize (Corn): Southern Corn Leaf Blight, Maize (Corn) Rust

Potato: Late Blight, Wart Disease

Coffee: Leaf (Orange) Rust

Sugar Beet: Cercospora Leaf Spot, downy Mildew

Tomato: Fusarium Wilt, Leaf Mould

Sorghum: Smuts, Milo Disease

References - Part II

III Resistance to Diseases Caused by Bacteria, Mycoplasmas and Viruses

5 Bacterial Diseases

Economic Importance of Bacterial Diseases

Some Characteristics of Bacteria and Bacterial Diseases

Variability of Bacteria

Types of Resistance

Sources of Resistance

Inheritance of Resistance

Methods of Selection and Breeding for Resistance

6 Some Examples O Breeding for Resistance to Bacterial Diseases

Cotton: Bacterial Blight

Rice: Bacterial Blight

Tobacco: Bacterial (Granville) Wilt, Wildfire and Angular

Leaf Spot

Tomato: Bacterial Wilt, Bacterial Canker

Pears and Apples: Fireblight

7 Resistance to Diseases associated with Mycoplasma-Like Organism (MLO) and Rickttsia-Like Organism (RLO)

The Importance of Plant Diseases associated with MLO and RLO

Some Characteristics of MLO and RLO

The Epidemiology of Diseases associated with MLO and RLO

Methods of Disease Control

Control by Resistant Varieties

The Nature and Inheritance of Resistance

Conclusions

8 Resistance to Virus Diseases

The Importance of Virus Diseases

Characteristics of Viruses and Virus Diseases

Variability of Plant Viruses

Epidemiology and Transmission of Plant Virus Diseases

Types of Resistance to Virus Diseases

Selection and Breeding Methods

9 Examples of Resistance to Virus Diseases

Potatoes: Potato Leaf Roll Virus, Potato Virus Y, Potato Virus X, Other Viruses, Conclusions

Sugar Beet: Virus Yellows, Curly Top, Conclusions

Rice: Hoja Blanca (White Leaf), Tungro Disease, Stripe, Other Viruses,Conclusions

Tobacco: Tobacco Mosaic, Cucumber Mosaic, Vein Banding, Tomato Spotted Wilt, Tobacco Etch

Cocoa: Swollen Shoot, Conclusions

Tomato: Tomato Mosaic, Curlyttop, Spotted Wilt, Conclusions

Raspberries: Aphid-Transmitted Viruses, Nematode-Transmitted Viruses

Bananas: Bunchy Top, Abaca Mosaic

Cotton: Leaf Curl

Barley: Barley Yellow Dwarf

References - Part III

IV Resistance to Animal Pests

10 Pests - Some General Considerations

Economic Importance of Pest Attack

Agronomic and Chemical Control Methods

Some Characteristics of the Main Groups of Animal Pests

Genetic Variability in Animal Pests

Types of Resistance to Pests

Sources of Resistance

Inheritance of Resistance

Selection and Breeding Methods

Control of Animal Pests by Resistant Varieties

General Conclusions

11 Examples of Resistance to Animal Pests

Wheat, Barley and Oats: Hessian Fly, Greenbugs, Wheat Stem Sawfly,Cereal Leaf Beetle, Cereal Cyst Nematode, Oat Stem Eelworm, Conclusions

Cotton: Bollworms, Boll Weevil, Jassids, Conclusions

Sugar Beet: Aphids, Beet Eelworm (Cyst Nematode)

Rice: Rice Stem Borers, Leafhoppers and Planthoppers, Conclusions

Maize (Corn): European Corn Borer, Maize Stem Borers,Corn Earworms, Corn Leaf Aphid, Bird Pests

Alfalfa (Lucerne): Spotted Alfalfa Aphid, Pea Aphid

Potatoes: Potato (Golden) Cyst Nematodes, Aphids, Conclusions

Clover: Stem Nematodes

Tobacco: Root-Knot Nematode

Raspberries: Aphids, Conclusions

Brassica Crops: Cabbage Aphid

Lettuce: Root Aphid

Scots Pine: Pine Root Collar Weevil, European Pine Sawfly, Zimmerman Pine Moth, White (Eastern) Pine Shoot Borer, Pine Grosbeak, Conclusions

Citrus: California Red Scale

Sorghum: Bird Pests

References - Part IV

V Parasitic Weeds

12 Resistance to Parasitic Weeds

The Economic Importance of Parasitic Weeds

Some Characteristics of Parasitic Weeds

Agronomic and Chemical Control Methods

Control by Resistant Varieties

Methods of Testing for Resistance

The Nature of Resistance

Genetic Variation in Parasitic Weeds

Conclusions

References - Part V

VI General Conclusions on Breeding for Resistance

13 The Present Position

Experience with Fungal Diseases

Experience with Bacterial Diseases

Experience with Virus Diseases

Experience with Animal Pests

The Importance of Parasite Variability

The Genetics of Host-Plant Resistance

The Effectiveness of Different Types of Resistance

Some General Inferences

Some Benefits and Drawbacks of Breeding for Resistance

14 Future Prospects

Breeding Objectives and Priorities

The Dangers of Genetic Uniformity

Conservation of Germplasm

New Genetic and Breeding Techniques

The Future Role of Resistant Varieties

References - Part VI

Author Index

Subject Index