Planning and Design of Information Systems

Preface

List of illustrations

Part I: Planning and Design: Methodology


1.0 Introduction


2.0 Terminology and Taxonomy


2.1 Philosophies


3.0 Methodology


3.1 Models


3.2 Views


3.3 Object System and Its Subsystems (1)


3.4 Present and Future Situation


3.5 Sequence of the Aspects


3.6 Controlling Complexity: Planning and Design Strategy


3.7 Object System and Its Subsystems (2)


4.0 Techniques, Notations, Boundaries and the Choice


4.1 Planning and Design Techniques


4.2 Planning and Design Notations


4.3 Planning and Design Boundaries


4.4 Models Chosen


5.0 Other Criteria


5.1 Completeness and Redundancy


5.2 Consistent Philosophy in Techniques


5.3 Quality Issues


5.4 Quality Aspects


5.5 Quality: Norms and Guarantees


5.6 Productivity


5.7 Summary


6.0 Decomposition of Systems


6.1 Where is Systems Decomposition Used?


6.2 Division of a System


6.3 Quality Criteria


6.4 Three Practical Possibilities to Structure


6.5 Conclusions


7.0 Decomposition and Its Problems


7.1 Different Information Systems


7.2 Decomposition Problems


7.3 Boundaries between Models or When to Stop


7.4 Choice within Decomposition of Organizational Model


7.5 Diversion Criteria


7.6 Decomposition


7.7 Decomposition of Information Model


7.8 Decomposition of Process Model


8.0 References

Part II: Users and Information Systems


9.0 Introduction


10.0 User — Designer Communication Problems


10.1 Definition of Output of the Design


10.2 Objectives of Different User Groups


10.3 Resistance of Users


10.4 Inhibited Designers


11.0 Existing Solutions for Designer — User Communication


11.1 The Force of Law


11.2 Social Science


11.3 Designers


11.4 Users and the Organizational Approach


12.0 Requirements for User Participation


12.1 Communication


12.2 Delphi Methods


12.3 Organization of the Communication


12.4 Summary


13.0 Types of User Organizations


13.1 Introduction


13.2 Culture


13.3 Culture of an Information System Development Project


13.4 User Participation and the Cultures


13.5 User Organization and Nolan's Stage Hypothesis


13.6 Cultures, Stages and User Participation


13.7 Information System Development Techniques, Culture and Stages


13.8 User Organization and Norms and Guarantees


14.0 References

Part III: Information Systems Planning


15.0 Introduction


15.1 Acronyms


15.2 Contents of the Information Systems Plan


15.3 Purpose of an ISP


15.4 Planning Principles of ISP


15.5 When an ISP?


16.0 Execution of the ISP Study


16.1 Study Phases


17.0 Example


17.1 Organization


17.2 Example's Main Business Processes


18.0 Company Analysis and Check of the Business Processes


18.1 Company or Organization Analysis


18.2 Qualifiers and Criticisms


18.3 Check of the Business Processes


18.4 First Stage of the Data Architecture


18.5 Introduction of the Interviewees


19.0 Interviews (in ISP)


19.1 Interviewee Form


19.2 'Enrollment' in the Processes: Process Form


19.3 Data Form


19.4 Comments on the Data


20.0 Coding Interview Results


20.1 Interviewee Code


20.2 Location Code


20.3 Data Code


20.4 Validation of the Interviews


21.0 Diagnosis and Information Systems Architecture


21.1 Information Satisfaction or Achievement


21.2 Information Systems Architecture


21.3 Information Systems Plan


22.0 Data Architecture


22.1 Data Architecture Study


22.2 Definition of the Entities


22.3 Entity-Relationships


22.4 Definition of the Data Bases


23.0 ISP Conclusion


23.1 Study Team's Closing Session


23.2 The ISP End-report


24.0 Techniques Used in Respect of Methodology


24.1 Quality: Norms and Guarantees


25.0 References

Part IV: Application Planning


26.0 Introduction


26.1 Example's Business Processes (continuation)


27.0 Application System Study


27.1 Overview


27.2 Preparation


27.3 First Participants' Session


27.4 First Study Team Session


27.5 Second Participants' Session


27.6 Second Study Team Session


27.7 Third Participants' Session


27.8 The ASS End-report


28.0 Feasibility of the Design


29.0 Managing an Application Development Project


29.1 Introduction


29.2 Time and Money


29.3 Organizational Uncertainty


29.4 Controlling Uncertainty: The Options


29.5 More Uncertainty: Application Development Project and Organization Cultures


29.6 Application Development Project in the Organization


29.7 Effective Project Organization


29.8 Situational Leadership


29.9 Reducing Uncertainty: Phasing the Project


20.10 Reducing Uncertainty: Planning all Aspects


20.11 Reducing Uncertainty: Relationship Planning and Development Method


29.12 Reducing Uncertainty: Estimating


29.13 Remain Certain: Project Control


30.0 Quality: Norms and Guarantees


31.0 References

Part V: Logical Design of the Application


32.0 Introduction


33.0 Information Analysis and Description


33.1 Information


33.2 Information Analysis


34.0 Component and Element Analysis and Description


34.1 Component Analysis and Description


34.2 Element Analysis and Description


35.0 Data Cross-Verification


36.0 Conceptual Database Design


36.1 Introduction


36.2 Which Data Should Be Stored in the Data Base?


36.3 Data Synthesis


36.4 Data Normalization


36.5 Documenting the Conceptual Data Base


37.0 Process Analysis and Description


37.1 Introduction


37.2 Technique


37.3 Notation


37.4 User Participation


38.0 Dialog Design


38.1 Introduction


38.2 Dialog Flexibility


38.3 Starting Point of the Dialog Design


38.4 Global Dialog Design


38.5 Detailed Dialog Design


38.6 Interaction and Logical Screens


38.7 Screen-Flowchart


38.8 Prototyping


39.0 Quality: Norms and Guarantees


40.0 Epilogue


41.0 References

Appendix A. Estimating the Development Time

A.l Introduction

A.2 Frame of Information System Development

A.3 The Matrices

A.4 Multiplication Factors

A.5 The Calculation

Index