Save up to 30% on Elsevier print and eBooks with free shipping. No promo code needed.
Save up to 30% on print and eBooks.
Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook
A Manual of Quick, Accurate Solutions to Everyday Pipeline Engineering Problems
9th Edition - September 2, 2022
Authors: M.J. Kaiser, E.W. McAllister
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:9780128227886
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 7 8 8 - 6
eBook ISBN:9780128227893
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 7 8 9 - 3
Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook: A Manual of Quick, Accurate Solutions to Everyday Pipeline Engineering Problems, Ninth Edition, the latest release in the series, serves as the "g…Read more
Purchase options
LIMITED OFFER
Save 50% on book bundles
Immediately download your ebook while waiting for your print delivery. No promo code is needed.
Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook: A Manual of Quick, Accurate Solutions to Everyday Pipeline Engineering Problems, Ninth Edition, the latest release in the series, serves as the "go-to" source for all pipeline engineering answers. Updated with new data, graphs and chapters devoted to economics and the environment, this new edition delivers on new topics, including emissions, decommissioning, cost curves, and more while still maintaining the quick answer standard display of content and data that engineers have utilized throughout their careers. Glossaries are added per chapter for better learning tactics, along with additional storage tank and LNG fundamentals.
This book continues to be the high-quality, classic reference to help pipeline engineers solve their day-to-day problems.
Contains new chapters that highlight costs, safety and environmental topics, including discussions on emissions
Helps readers learn terminology, with updated glossaries in every chapter
Includes renovated graphs and data tables throughout
Oil and gas pipeline engineers; project managers; field technicians; safety engineers; environmental engineers; estimating engineers
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of Contributors
About the Authors
Preface
1. General Information
System Schematics
Cables and Ropes
How to designate and classify PE piping materials
2. Construction
Right of Way
Ditching and Trenching
How engineers make pipe fit the ditch
Welding
Cross-country pipeline—vertical down electrode consumption, pounds of electrode per joint
Directional Crossing
Polyethylene Piping
3. Pipe Design
Steel pipe design
How to identify the series number of flanged fittings
4. Electrical Design
Electrical design
Hazardous locations
NEMA enclosure types
Size portable electric generators
Typical wattages for tools and appliances
Knockout dimensions
National Electrical Code tables
Electrical formulas
Full-load currents–single-phase transformers
Conduit size for combinations of cables with different outside diameters
Minimum bending radius for insulated cables for permanent training during installation
Full-load currents–three-phase transformers
Motor controller sizes
Voltage drop on circuits using 600V copper conductors in steel conduit
Determine the most economical size for electric power conductors
How to find the resistance and weight of copper wires
What you should remember about electrical formulas
How to calculate microwave hops on level ground
Quick determination of hp per ampere for induction motors (3 phase) at different voltages
Chart of electric motor horsepower for pumping units
Pumping stations
Floodlighting calculations
Point-by-point method
Beam-lumen design method
Conductor size conversion chart—metric to AWG
Commonly used switchgear device numbers
Bonding the grounding system to building and structure foundations
5. Hydrostatic Testing
History of gas pipeline pressure test requirements
The benefits and limitations of hydrostatic testing
Hydrostatic testing for pipelines
Pressure testing and recordkeeping requirements – reconciling historical practices with new requirements
6. Pigging, Cleaning & Drying
A brief history of pipeline pigging
Pipeline dewatering, cleaning, and drying
Moisture content of air
Vacuum drying
Pig trap design
7. Control Valves
Control valve sizing formulas
Sizing control valves for throughput
Avoid cavitation in butterfly valves
How to read a regulator flow curve
8. Corrosion and Coatings
Types of corrosion and control methods
Fundamentals of pipeline corrosion
Estimate the pounds of sacrificial anode material required for offshore pipelines
Advances in pipeline protection
Estimate the number of squares of tape for pipe coating
Minimizing shock hazards on pipelines near HVAC lines
Pipeline external corrosion direct assessment process
9. Gas—General
Know the gas laws
How to calculate the specific gravity of natural gas
Nomograph for calculating density and specific volume of gases and vapors
Facts about methane and its behavior
Conversion table for pure methane
Glossary of common gas industry terms
10. Gas—Compression
Compressor definitions
Generalized compressibility factor
Nomograph aids in diagnosing compressor cylinder ills
Centrifugal compressor performance calculations
11. Gas—Hydraulics
Gas pipeline hydraulics calculations
Calculate the velocity of gas in a pipeline
Nomograph for calculating Reynolds number for compressible flow friction factor for clean steel and wrought iron pipe
12. Liquids—General
Determining the viscosity of crude
Calculate viscosity of a blend
Calculate specific gravity of a blend
Nomograph for calculating viscosity of slurries
Nomograph for calculating velocity of liquids in pipes
Nomograph for calculating velocity of compressible fluids in pipes
Nomograph for calculating velocity of liquids in pipes
Carbon capture and sequestration processes
CO2 pipeline infrastructure in the United States
Effect of variability on CO2 pipeline operation
13. Liquids—Hydraulics
Marine hose pressure loss
Nomograph for calculating pressure drop of liquids in lines for turbulent flow
Drag-reducing agents
How to estimate the rate of liquid discharge from a pipe
14. Pumps
Centrifugal pumps
Centrifugal pump parameters and applications
How to examine centrifugal pump systems
Estimate the discharge of a centrifugal pump at various speeds
Nomograph for determining specific speed of pumps
Nomograph for determining horsepower requirement of pumps
How to select motors for field-gathering pumps
The basics of NPSH and pump operating regions
15. Measurement
Multiphase flow meter
Mass measurement light hydrocarbons
Master meter proving orifice meters in dense phase ethylene
Gas or vapor flow measurement—orifice plate flange taps
Properties of gas and vapors
Determine required orifice diameter for any required differential when the orifice and differential are known
Matching the flow meter to the application
Handling entrained gas
Proving liquid ultrasonic flow meters for custody transfer measurement
V-Cone® flow meter
Sampling and testing program for unrefined petroleum-based products
16. Instrumentation
Types of control systems
Automatic tank gauging systems and proof testing
Instrumentation and sensors for automatic tank gauging
17. Integrity Management
Overview of leak detection technologies
Inspection tools and case studies
Factors to consider when evaluating damage on pipelines
Understanding mechanical damage in pipelines
Understanding stress corrosion cracking in pipelines
When does a pipeline need revalidation?
Modeling pipeline risk assessment
A risk management tool for establishing budget priorities
Floating roof failure modes and risk
Floating roof tanks rainfall risk
18. Tanks
Classification of storage tanks
What is the difference between fixed and floating tank types?
Tank styles and appurtenances
Floating roof applications and components
Summary of federal requirements for aboveground storage tanks
Design and containment for atmospheric storage tanks
Overview of petroleum storage tank standards
Tank weight estimation tool using diameter as input variable
How to estimate flow rate from a leaking tank hole
Charts give vapor loss from internal floating-roof tanks
Estimating the contents of horizontal cylindrical tanks
Tank farm line sizing
Managing oil movement and storage in tank farms
Standard construction practices for LNG storage tanks
Choosing the best containment for LNG storage
A review of API 2350 overfill protection, 4th and 5th edition
Manual tank gauging procedures
How to apply vapor cloud analysis methodology to tank overfills
Simplified procedure to calculate emissions for liquid organic storage tanks
Calculating tank emissions with BREEZE TankESP
19. Economics
Time Value of Money
Decision and Evaluation Criteria
Sensitivity Analysis
Decision Tree Analysis
Accounting Fundamentals
20. Cost
Cost Estimation
Onshore Construction
Onshore FERC gas pipeline cost statistics in the United States, 2014–2019
How to estimate onshore pipeline construction cost using unit costs?
Offshore Construction
U.S. Gulf of Mexico pipeline cost statistics, 1995–2019
How to estimate shallow water pipeline construction cost bounds in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico using empirical data?
Offshore Decommissioning
Offshore pipeline decommissioning cost factors
How to estimate the cost to decommission shallow water pipeline in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico?
How to estimate deepwater umbilical, flowline, and riser decommissioning cost in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico?
Typical workflows for offshore pipeline decommissioning
Gas Compression Stations
Scaling Rules
Tariff Rates
How to calculate firm service with fixed maximum daily quantity and reservation charge?
How is the cost of service formula applied?
How to compute price adjustments in pipeline system quality banks
21. Health, Safety and Environment
Health
Safety
Crane and hoist safety
Tank fire types and causes
Firefighting protection systems for atmospheric storage tanks
Carbon dioxide pipeline safety and integrity
Environment
Estimating oil spill thickness on water visually
Fast discharge volume calculator for offshore leaking pipeline
Guidelines on oil characterization to inform spill planning and decision making
Oil spills inland response good practice guidelines
Calculating volatile organic compounds flash emissions from crude oil and condensate tanks at oil and gas production sites
22. Specifications
Pipeline Steel Specifications
Main differences between API 5L PSL 1 and PSL 2 pipeline
Pipeline Material Coating Specifications
Fuel Specifications
Transportation fuel specifications
Pipeline Product Specifications
23. Conversion Factors
Metric conversions—metric to English, English to metric
Density conversions
General liquid density nomograph
Chart gives specific gravity/temperature relationship for petroleum oils
Weight density and specific gravity of various liquids
True vapor pressure of crude oil stocks with a Reid vapor pressure of 2–15 psi
Low temperature vapor pressures for light hydrocarbons
High temperature vapor pressures for light hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon gas viscosity
Viscosity—equivalents of kinematic and Saybolt Universal Viscosity
Viscosity–equivalents of kinematic and Saybolt Furol Viscosity at 122 °F and 210 °F
Viscosity—general conversions
ASTM standard viscosity temperature chart for liquid petroleum products
Pressure conversion chart
Energy conversion chart
Flow conversion chart
Petroleum fuels volume, weight and calorific value factors
Crude oil approximate conversion factors
Refined products approximate conversion factors
Natural gas and LNG approximate conversion factors
Units and calorific equivalents
Weight of water per cubic foot at various temperatures
Index
No. of pages: 1220
Language: English
Edition: 9
Published: September 2, 2022
Imprint: Gulf Professional Publishing
Paperback ISBN: 9780128227886
eBook ISBN: 9780128227893
MK
M.J. Kaiser
Mark Kaiser is Marathon Professor and Director of the Research and Development Division at the Center for Energy Studies at Louisiana State University. His areas of expertise include cost estimation, decommissioning, fiscal systems, offshore infrastructure and service industries, refining, and regulatory modeling.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor and Director, Center for Energy Studies, Louisiana State University, USA
EM
E.W. McAllister
E.W. McAllister has more than 50 years of experience in the pipeline industry as an engineer, administrator, and project manager. He has worked for Chevron Pipe Line Company and Gulf Pipe Line Company, and now runs his own engineering services consulting firm in Houston, TX, USA.
Affiliations and expertise
Advisor, Houston, TX, USA
Read Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook on ScienceDirect