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Phytochemicals in Plant Cell Cultures
1st Edition - June 28, 1988
Editor: Indra K. Vasil
Language: English
eBook ISBN:9780323144070
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 4 0 7 - 0
Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics of Plants, Volume 5: Phytochemicals in Plant Cell Cultures provides comprehensive coverage of the wide variety of laboratory procedures used…Read more
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Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics of Plants, Volume 5: Phytochemicals in Plant Cell Cultures provides comprehensive coverage of the wide variety of laboratory procedures used in plant cell culture, fundamental aspects of cell growth and nutrition, and plant regeneration and variability. This book consists of five main topics—phenylpropanoids, naphthoquinones, and anthraquinones; mevalonates; alkaloids; glucosinolates, polyacetylenes, and lipids; and biologically active compounds. This publication specifically discusses the coumarins in crown gall tumors, natural occurrence of bufadienolides, and accumulation of protoberberine alkaloids. The flavor production in tissue cultures of allium species and callus cultures derived from carrot root explants is also reviewed. This volume is valuable to experienced researchers and those newly entering the field of plant cell and tissue culture.
Contributors
General Preface
Preface
Contents of Previous Volumes
Part I Phenylpropanoids, Naphthoquinones, and Anthraquinones
1 Coumarins and Furanocoumarins
I. Introduction
II. Coumarins in Crown Gall Tumors
III. Constitutive Coumarins
IV. Induced Coumarins
V. Biosynthesis
VI. Regulation of Biosynthesis
VII. Physiological Significance
References
2 Flavonoids
I. Introduction
II. Major Classes of Flavonoids
III. Advantages of Cell Cultures in Studies of Flavonoid Biosynthesis
IV. Flavonoids in Tissue and Cell Cultures
V. Turnover and Degradation
VI. Concluding Remarks
References
3 Anthocyanins
I. Introduction
II. Structure of Anthocyanins
III. Occurrence of Anthocyanins in Tissue and Cell Cultures
IV. Biosynthesis of Anthocyanins
V. Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Tissue and Cell Cultures
VI. Accumulation of Anthocyanins in the Central Vacuole
References
4 Proanthocyanidins and Catechins
I. Occurrence
II. Influence of Phytohormones
III. Nutrients and Precursors
IV. Effect of Illumination
V. Effect of Polyamines
VI. Biosynthesis
VII. Conclusions
References
5 Tannins, Lignans, and Lignins
I. Introduction
II. Tannins
III. Lignans
IV. Lignins
References
6 Naphthoquinones
I. Introduction
II. Naphthoquinones in Cell Cultures
III. Biosynthetic Pathways of Naphthoquinones
IV. Intracellular Localization of Naphthoquinones
V. Regulation of Naphthoquinone Production
References
7 Anthraquinones
I. Introduction
II. Quality of Anthraquinones in Callus and Cell Suspension Cultures
III. Quantitative Aspects of Anthraquinone Occurrence
IV. Biosynthesis
References
Part II Mevalonates
8 Monoterpenes and Sesquiterpenes
I. General
II. Monoterpene Biosynthesis
III. Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis
IV. Biotransformations
V. Special Techniques
References
9 Diterpenes
I. Introduction
II. Culture Techniques
III. Chemical Analysis
IV. Cytotoxic Analysis
V. Isolation and Characterization of Secondary Metabolites
VI. Biotransformation Experiments
VII. Conclusions
VIII. Studies in Other Laboratories
References
10 Bufadienolides
I. Introduction
II. Natural Occurrence of Bufadienolides
III. Tissue Culture for Production of Bufadienolides
IV. Present Status of Tissue Culture of Plants Yielding Bufadienolides
V. Conclusion
References
11 Cardenolides
I. Cardenolides: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Significance
II. Establishment of Digitalis Tissue Cultures
III. Biosynthesis of Cardenolides in Digitalis Shoot Cultures
IV. Biosynthesis of Cardenolides in Cultures of Somatic Digitalis Embryos
V. Transformation of Cardenolides in Parenchyma-like Digitalis Cells
VI. Is There a Future for the Biotechnological Production of Cardenolides by Digitalis Cell and Organ Cultures?
References
12 Saponins (Ginseng Saponins)
I. Introduction
II. Callus Induction and Selection
III. Determination of Growth Ratio
IV. Separation of Saponins
V. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Saponins
VI. Determination of Saponins
VII. Effects of Plant Growth Regulators and Light on Saponin Production and Growth in Static Cultures
VIII. Effect of Various Culture Conditions on Saponin Production and Growth in Suspension Cultures
IX. Effect of Inhibitors and Precursors on Saponin Production
X. Differentiation and Saponin Production
XI. Hairy Root Culture and Saponin Production
XII. Conclusion
References
Part III Alkaloids
13 Phenylalkylamines (Ephedra Alkaloids)
I. Introduction
II. Distribution
III. Tissue Culture
IV. Conclusion
References
14 Pyrrolidines, Piperidines, and Pyridines
I. Introduction
II. Pyrrolidine and Piperidine Alkaloids
III. Pyridine Alkaloids
IV. Tobacco Alkaloids
V. Conclusions and Perspectives
References
15 Tropanes
I. Introduction
II. Material and Methods
III. Results and Discussion
IV. Summary
References
16 Quinolizidines and Pyrrolizidines
I. Introduction
II. Quinolizidine Alkaloids
III. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
IV. Conclusion
References
17 Isoquinolines
I. Introduction
II. Production of Isoquinolines
III. Chemotaxonomic Approach
IV. Biotransformation and Biosynthesis
V. Accumulation of Protoberberine Alkaloids
VI. Immobilized Cells
VII. Redifferentiated Plantlets and Alkaloids
VIII. Conclusions
References
18 Isoquinolines (Papaver Alkaloids)
I. Introduction
II. Factors that Promote the Production of Morphinan Alkaloids in Tissue Culture
III. Biotransformations
IV. Conclusions
References
19 Quinoline Alkaloids of Cinchona
I. Introduction
II. Cell Culture Methods
III. Analytical Methods
IV. Alkaloid Production in Cinchona Tissue Cultures
V. Biosynthetic Studies Using Cinchona Tissue Cultures
VI. Prospects and Status
References
20 β-Carbolines and Indole Alkylamines
I. Introduction
II. Cell Culture Systems
III. Formation of Harman Alkaloids and Serotonin
IV. Studies of Biosynthesis and Regulation
V. A Biochemical Selection System
VI. Outlook
References
21 Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids from Apocynaceae Other than Catharanthus roseus