Physiology of Plants and Their Cells
Pergamon Biological Sciences Series
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Physiology of Plants and Their Cells is a 20-chapter book introducing the field of plant physiology. Plant physiology is generally a study of the living activity of the plant. This book begins by elucidating the value of plants to man, and describing the plant cells including its classification, structure, and nutrition. Subsequent chapters explain the role of water, minerals, and photosynthesis in plant physiology. Other topics on plants underlined in this book include energy storage, utilization, and loss; amino acid synthesis; metabolism; proteins; enzymes; phytochemistry; membranes; intercellular communication; growth; longevity; senescence; and death. Lastly, the relevance of plant physiology to contemporary problems facing mankind is explained. This book will be useful as a general reference for teachers and scientists interested in certain aspects of the field, as well as for students of biology and agriculture.
Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 The Plant Cell and Its Nutrition
Values of Plants to Man
What is Plant Physiology?
The Living Cell
Cell Classification
Plant Cell Structure
Intracellular Transport
Cell Nutrition
Chapter 2 Water Enters the Plant
Soil Structure
Soil Profile
Soil Water
The Soil Solution
Water Potential
Plant Roots
Water Enters the Plant
Imbibition
Chapter 3 Distribution of Water within the Plant
Water Moves through the Root
Mechanisms of Water Movement
Lateral Water Movement
Water Moves into the Cell
Loss of Water from the Plant
Control of Water Loss
Extent of Water Loss
Plant Water Content
Chapter 4 The Functions of Water within the Plant
Properties of Water
Importance of Water to the Plant
How Water Functions
States of Water within the Plant
Drought Tolerance
Chapter 5 Mineral Nutrition of Plants
Plant Ash
The Mineral Nutrients
Entrance of Minerals into Plants
Theories of Ion Uptake
Loss of Minerals from Plants
Plant Culture Techniques
Uptake of Specific Ions
Chapter 6 Photosynthesis and Carbon Dioxide Fixation
Carbon Dioxide in the Environment
Carbon Dioxide Enters the Plant
Dark Fixation of Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide Fixation through Photosynthesis
Importance of Photosynthesis
Where Photosynthesis Occurs
Mechanism of Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation—Calvin Cycle
The C-4 Dicarboxylic Acid Pathway
How Photosynthesis is Measured
Extent of Photosynthesis
Factors which Alter Photosynthesis
Chapter 7 Photosynthesis and the Entrance of Energy into the Cell
Forms of Energy
Radiant Energy
Etiolation
Chlorophyll Synthesis
The Chloroplast
Control of Chlorophyll Synthesis
Chlorophyll Degradation
Other Chloroplast Pigments
Chloroplast Structure
The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis
The High Energy Reaction
The Phytochrome Reaction
Fungal Response to Light
Phototropism
Geotropism
Ultraviolet Radiation
Heat
Chapter 8 Energy Storage, Utilization, and Loss
Mechanisms of Metabolism
Energy Carriers
Respiration
Pathways of Respiration
Plant Mitochondria
Respiration Rate
The Climacteric
Heat
High Temperature Injuries
Thermoperiodicity
Chapter 9 Amino Acid Synthesis and Metabolism
The Mineral Nutrient Nitrogen
Available Forms of Nitrogen
Nitrate Assimilation
Entrance of Ammonia into Organic Compounds
Transamination
Structure of the Amino Acids
Sulfur as a Mineral Nutrient
The Entrance of Sulfate into the Plant
Sulfate Assimilation
Transulfuration
Glutathione
Functions of Amino Acids
Chapter 10 Plant Proteins
The Nucleic Acids
Protein Synthesis
Protein Classification
Proteins as Food
Protein Breakdown
Chapter 11 Plant Enzymes
The Structure of Enzymes
Isoenzymes
Mechanism of Enzyme Function
Enzyme Nomenclature
Enzyme Inhibition
Enzyme Location within the Cell
Enzyme Loss
Types of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions
Chapter 12 The Regulation of Metabolism
Metabolic Regulation Defined
Regulation by Temperature
Regulation by Solar Radiation
Regulation by Endogenous Chemicals
Regulation by Substrate Concentration
Equilibria
Regulation by Internal Control Systems
Regulation by Enzyme Concentration
Chapter 13 Phytochemistry
Why Chemicals Accumulate
Metabolic Pools
Significance of Plant Chemicals
Storage Carbohydrates
Fat Storage
Secondary Plant Products—Waxes
Essential Oils
Glycosides
Cyanogenic Glycosides
Mustard Oil Glycosides
Saponins
Phenolic Glycosides
Phenolic Acids
Cinnamic Acids
Coumarin
Flavones
Flavonones
Flavonols
Anthocyanins
Anthochlors
Biflavonyls
Benzoquinones
Anthraquinones
Betalains
Betacyanins
Synthesis of Phenolic Glycosides
Alkaloids
Chapter 14 Plant Membranes and Their Permeability
Chemical Structure of the Membrane
Physical Structure of the Membrane
Origin of Plant Membranes
Membrane Functions
Environmental Control of Permeability
Mechanisms of Permeability
Chapter 15 Intercellular Communication
Rapid Communication
Translocation
Plasmodesmata
Auxin Translocation
Carbohydrate Transport
Nitrogen Translocation
Rate of Movement
Translocation Mechanisms
Chapter 16 Plant Growth: Cell Division
Plant Growth
Cell Division
Logarithmic Growth
Sigmoid Growth
Synchronized Division
The Cell Cycle
Plant Polyuronides
Cell Wall Formation
Plant Meristems
Control of Cell Division
Chapter 17 Plant Growth: Cell Enlargement
Sigmoid Growth Curve
Cell Enlargement
Water and Cell Enlargement
Cell Wall Polysaccharides
Polysaccharide Derivatives
Cell Wall Structure
Mechanism of Wall Expansion
Wall Hormones
Rates of Cell Enlargement
Time of Cell Enlargement
Patterns of Cell Enlargement
Cell Enlargement in Seeds
Seed Dormancy
Seed Germination
Physiology of Seed Germination
Fruit Growth
Chapter 18 Differentiation and Correlative Development
Constancy of DNA
Intercellular Differences
Differentiation in the Zygote
Embryo Development
Differentiation in Callus Tissue
Control of Growth Dimension
Correlative Development
Floral Initiation
Bud Dormancy
Anthesis
Vegetative Reproduction
Chapter 19 Longevity, Senescence, and Death
Longevity
Senescence
Fruit Ripening
Abscission
Delay of Senescence
Internal Causes of Senescence
Death
Chapter 20 The Relevance of Plant Physiology
Physiology of Crop Production
The Plant's Environment
Primary Factors
Plant Propagation
Plant Diseases
Abscission
Herbicides
Growth Inhibitors and Retardants
Allergies
Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 474
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Pergamon 1973
- Published: January 1, 1973
- Imprint: Pergamon
- eBook ISBN: 9781483151816
About the Author
James A. Goss
About the Editor
Peter Gray
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