Physics of Cryogenics

Physics of Cryogenics: An Ultralow Temperature Phenomenon discusses the significant number of advances that have been made during the last few years in a variety of cryocoolers, such as Brayton, Joule-Thomson, Stirling, pulse tube, Gifford-McMahon and magnetic refrigerators. The book reviews various approaches taken to improve reliability, a major driving force for new research areas. The advantages and disadvantages of different cycles are compared, and the latest improvements in each of these cryocoolers is discussed. The book starts with the thermodynamic fundamentals, followed by the definition of cryogenic and the associated science behind low temperature phenomena and properties.

This book is an ideal resource for scientists, engineers and graduate and senior undergraduate students who need a better understanding of the science of cryogenics and related thermodynamics.

• Defines the fundamentals of thermodynamics that are associated with cryogenic processes
• Provides an overview of the history of the development of cryogenic technology
• Includes new, low temperature tables written by the author
• Deals with the application of cryogenics to preserve objects at very low temperature
• Explains how cryogenic phenomena work for human cell and human body preservations and new medical approaches

Scientists at universities, graduate and senior undergraduate students in thermodynamics and cryogenic science; researchers and (chemical) engineers in industry working on very low temperature devices

1. Cryogenics Technologies
2. Properties of Pure Substances
3. Mixtures
4. Work and Heat
5. First Law of Thermodynamics
6. Second Law of Thermodynamics
7. The Kinetic Theory of Gases
8. Reversible Work, Irreversibility, and Exergy (Availability)
9. Gas Kinetic Theory of Entropy
10. Thermodynamic Relations
11. Heat Transfer
12. Concept of Cryogenic, Basic Principles
13. Transport Properties of Solids at Cryogenic State
14. Cryogenic Equipment, Systems, and Applications

Appendix A: Tables and Properties of Solids and Fluids at Cryogenic State