Physical Diagnosis of Pain

4th Edition - October 1, 2020
Author: Steven D. Waldman
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 7 1 2 6 0 - 6
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 7 1 2 6 1 - 3

With a practical focus on how a clinician evaluates pain – "what is it?" rather than "where is it?" – Physical Diagnosis of Pain, 4th Edition, remains your most authoritativ… Read more

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With a practical focus on how a clinician evaluates pain – "what is it?" rather than "where is it?" – Physical Diagnosis of Pain, 4th Edition, remains your most authoritative source for guidance in this key area of pain management. In this award-winning reference, internationally recognized pain expert Dr. Steven Waldman takes you step by step through the evaluation and diagnosis of more than 280 pain-related conditions based on physical signs. Concise, superbly illustrated chapters help you rapidly diagnose pathology based on physical techniques rather than relying on imaging alone.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Video contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Section I. The Cervical Spine
1. Functional anatomy of the bony cervical spine
The vertebrae of the cervical spine
The mobility of the cervical spine
The cervical vertebral canal
The cervical nerves and their relation to the cervical vertebrae
Implications for the clinician
2. Functional anatomy of the cervical intervertebral disc
3. Nomenclature of the diseased cervical disc
4. Painful conditions emanating from the cervical spine
5. Visual inspection of the cervical spine
6. Palpation of the cervical spine
7. Physical examination of the cervical spine range of motion
Flexion and extension
Rotation and lateral bending
8. The cervical dermatomes
9. The C5 neurologic level
10. The C6 neurologic level
11. The C7 neurologic level
12. The C8 neurologic level
13. The Spurling test for cervical radiculopathy secondary to herniated disc or cervical spondylosis
14. The axial loading test for cervical discogenic disease
15. The Hoffmann test for cervical myelopathy
16. The finger flexion reflex test for cervical myelopathy
17. The Sharp-Purser test for atlantoaxial joint instability
Section II. The Shoulder
18. Functional anatomy of the shoulder joint
19. Visual inspection of the shoulder
20. Palpation of the shoulder
21. External rotation of the shoulder
22. Internal rotation of the shoulder
23. Crossed-arm adduction of the shoulder
24. Abduction of the shoulder
25. Painful conditions of the shoulder
26. Shoulder instability syndromes
27. The anterior drawer test
28. The shift and load test for shoulder instability
29. The apprehension test for anterior shoulder instability
30. The Jobe relocation test for anterior shoulder instability
31. The Andrews anterior apprehension test for anterior shoulder instability
32. The posterior drawer test for posterior shoulder instability
33. The Jerk test for posterior shoulder instability
34. The Posterior Clunk test for posterior shoulder instability
35. The Sulcus Sign test for inferior glenohumeral instability
36. The crank test for injury of the labrum of the glenohumeral joint
37. The Keibler anterior slide test for SLAP lesions
38. The dynamic shear test for SLAP lesions
39. The O’Brien active compression test for SLAP lesions
40. An overview of shoulder impingement syndromes
41. The Neer test for shoulder impingement syndromes
42. The Hawkins test for shoulder impingement syndromes
43. The Gerber subcoracoid impingement test
44. The Zaslav rotation resistance test for shoulder impingement
45. Bicipital tendinitis
46. The Speed test for bicipital tendinitis
47. The Yergason test for bicipital tendinitis
48. The snap test for subluxing biceps tendon syndrome
49. The biceps entrapment test for biceps entrapment
50. The Gerber lift-off test for rupture of the subscapularis muscle
51. The Gerber belly press test for subscapularis weakness
52. The internal rotation lag sign for rupture of the subscapularis tendon
53. The snapping scapula test
54. The Ludington test for ruptured long tendon of the biceps
55. Reverse Popeye sign for rupture of the distal biceps tendon
56. The squeeze test for distal rupture of the biceps tendon
57. The hook test for rupture of the distal biceps tendon
58. The Waldman hanger test for ruptured distal biceps tendon
59. The supination pronation test for rupture of the distal biceps tendon
60. Clinical correlates: Diseases of the rotator cuff
What the rotator cuff is and what it does
The pathogenesis of rotator cuff disease
61. The drop arm test for complete rotator cuff tear
62. The external rotation lag sign for rupture of the supraspinatus or infraspinatus tendon
63. The Dawbarn sign for supraspinatus tendinitis
64. The empty can test for supraspinatus tendinopathy
65. The Jobe supraspinatus test
66. The midarc abduction test for infraspinatus tendinitis
67. The external rotation stress test for impairment of the infraspinatus and teres minor muscles
68. The Hornblower test for teres minor tear
69. The drop arm test for subdeltoid bursitis
70. The adduction release test for subcoracoid bursitis
71. The adduction stress test for acromioclavicular joint dysfunction
72. The chin adduction test for acromioclavicular joint dysfunction
73. The Paxino test for acromioclavicular joint dysfunction
74. The sergeant’s chevron test for axillary nerve deficits
75. The Adson maneuver for thoracic outlet syndrome
76. The costoclavicular test for thoracic outlet syndrome
77. The hyperabduction test for thoracic outlet syndrome
Section III. The Elbow
78. Functional anatomy of the elbow joint
79. Visual inspection of the elbow
80. Palpation of the elbow
81. Flexion and extension of the elbow
82. Supination and pronation of the elbow
83. The valgus stress flexion test for medial ligamentous incompetence
84. The modified milking maneuver test for ulnar collateral ligament incompetence
85. The varus stress flexion test for lateral ligamentous incompetence
86. The lateral pivot-shift test for posterolateral insufficiency
87. The Froment paper sign for ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow
88. The Jeanne sign for ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow
89. The Wartenberg sign for ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow
90. The little finger adduction test for ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow
91. The valgus extension overload test for olecranon impingement
92. The compression test for lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome
93. The snap sign for snapping triceps syndrome
94. The creaking tendon sign for triceps tendinitis
95. The ballottement test for olecranon bursitis
96. The tennis elbow test
97. The Maudsley test for lateral epicondylitis
98. The chair lift test for lateral epicondylitis
99. The golfer’s elbow test
100. The Polk test to differentiate lateral and medial epicondylitis
101. The brachialis jump test for climber’s elbow
Section IV. The Forearm
102. The compression test for radial tunnel syndrome
103. The forced pronation test for pronator syndrome
104. The pinch test for anterior interosseous syndrome
105. The creaking tendon test for intersection syndrome
Section V. The Wrist and Hand
106. Functional anatomy of the wrist
107. Visual inspection of the wrist and hand
Dorsal aspect
Palmar aspect
Side view
108. Palpation of the wrist and hand
109. Extension of the wrist and hand
110. Flexion of the wrist and hand
111. Adduction of the wrist and hand
112. Abduction of the wrist and hand
113. Painful conditions of the wrist and hand
114. The wristwatch test for cheiralgia paresthetica
115. The Finkelstein test for de Quervain tenosynovitis
116. The tethered thumb test for de Quervain tenosynovitis
117. The Allen test for patency of the radial and ulnar arteries at the wrist
118. The Watson stress test for arthritis of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
119. The Swanson grind test for arthritis of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
120. The ulnar click test for ulnar impaction syndrome
121. Carpal tunnel syndrome
122. The Tinel sign for carpal tunnel syndrome
123. The Phalen test for carpal tunnel syndrome
124. The opponens weakness test for carpal tunnel syndrome
125. The opponens pinch test for carpal tunnel syndrome
126. The two-point discrimination test for carpal tunnel syndrome
127. The Dowart hotdog sign for carpal tunnel syndrome
128. The spread sign for ulnar tunnel syndrome
129. The flexion/extension test for ganglion cysts of the wrist
130. The hunchback carpal sign for carpal boss
131. The Tuck sign for extensor tenosynovitis of the wrist
132. The palmar band sign for Dupuytren contracture
133. The Allen test for patency of the digital arteries of the fingers
134. The catching tendon sign for trigger finger syndrome
135. The sausage finger sign for psoriatic arthritis
136. The swan neck deformity sign
137. The boutonnière deformity sign
138. The Heberden node sign for osteoarthritis of the distal interphalangeal joints
139. The Bouchard node sign for osteoarthritis of the proximal interphalangeal joints
140. The ice water test for glomus tumor of the finger
Section VI. The Chest Wall, Thorax, and Thoracic Spine
141. The suprascapular notch sign for suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome
142. Winged scapula sign for entrapment of the long thoracic nerve of bell
143. The shoulder retraction test for costosternal syndrome
144. The swollen costosternal joint sign for Tietze syndrome
145. The shrug test for sternoclavicular joint dysfunction
146. The hooking maneuver test for slipping rib syndrome
147. The flexion test for acute thoracic vertebral compression fracture
Section VII. The Lumbar Spine
148. Functional anatomy of the lumbar spine
149. An overview of the nomenclature of the diseased lumbar disc
150. An overview of painful conditions emanating from the lumbar spine
151. Visual inspection of the lumbar spine
152. Palpation of the lumbar spine
153. Range of motion of the lumbar spine
154. The Schober test for lumbar spine flexion
155. The Kemp test for lumbar facet joint pain
156. The lumbar dermatomes
157. The L4 neurologic level
158. The L5 neurologic level
159. The S1 neurologic level
160. The Lasegue straight leg raising test for lumbar root irritation
161. The sitting straight leg raising test for lumbar root irritation
162. The Naffziger jugular compression test for an equivocal Lasegue straight leg raising test
163. The flip test for lumbar nerve root irritation
164. The buckling knee test for lumbar nerve root irritation
165. The Spurling test for lumbar nerve root irritation
166. The Bragard test for lumbar nerve root irritation
167. The Ely test for lumbar nerve root irritation
168. The Fajersztajn test for lumbar nerve root irritation
169. The stoop test for spinal stenosis
170. The Babinski sign for diseases of the corticospinal system
171. The Chaddock sign for diseases of the corticospinal system
172. The Oppenheim sign for diseases of the corticospinal system
173. The Gordon reflex for diseases of the corticospinal system
Section VIII. The Abdominal Wall and Pelvis
174. The sit-up sign for anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome
175. The waddling gait sign for osteitis pubis syndrome
176. The direct pressure spring test for osteitis pubis
177. The Yeoman test for sacroiliac joint pain
178. The Van Durson standing flexion test for sacroiliac joint pain
179. The Piedallu seated flexion test for sacroiliac joint pain
180. The Stork test for sacroiliac joint dysfunction
181. The Gaenslen test for sacroiliac joint dysfunction
182. The Fortin finger test for sacroiliac joint dysfunction
183. The sacroiliac compression and distraction test for pelvic fracture
184. The numb medial thigh sign for obturator nerve entrapment syndrome
185. The novice skier sign for ilioinguinal nerve entrapment syndrome
186. The femoral stretch test
187. The burning lateral thigh sign for meralgia paresthetica
Section IX. The Hip
188. Functional anatomy of the hip
189. Visual inspection of the hip joint
190. Palpation of the hip
191. Flexion of the hip
192. Extension of the hip
193. Abduction of the hip
194. Adduction of the hip
195. Internal rotation of the hip
196. External rotation of the hip
197. Painful conditions of the hip
198. The Thomas test for flexion deformity of the hip
199. The Trendelenburg test for weak hip abductors
200. The Hopalong Cassidy sign for antalgic gait
201. The Patrick/FABER test for hip pathology
202. The Waldman knee squeeze test for adductor tendinitis
203. The resisted hip extension test for ischial bursitis
204. The resisted hip abduction test for gluteal bursitis
205. The external derotation test for gluteal tendinopathy
206. The hip lag test for gluteus medius tear
207. The resisted hip adduction test for iliopsoas bursitis
208. The piriformis test for piriformis syndrome
209. The freiberg forceful internal rotation test for piriformis syndrome
210. Pace Nagel resisted contraction maneuver for piriformis syndrome
211. The FAIR test for piriformis syndrome
212. The Beatty test for piriformis syndrome
213. The piriformis syndrome sign
214. The heel contralateral knee (HCLK) test for piriformis syndrome
215. The resisted abduction release test for trochanteric bursitis pain
216. The fulcrum test for stress fractures of the femoral shaft
217. The Ober test for iliotibial band contracture
218. The snap sign for snapping hip syndrome
219. The hip dislocator test for snapping hip syndrome
220. The fan test for snapping hip syndrome
221. External snapping hip test for external snapping hip syndrome
222. The internal snapping hip test for internal snapping hip syndrome
223. Active iliopsoas snapping test for internal snapping hip syndrome
Section X. The Knee
224. Functional anatomy of the knee
225. Visual inspection of the knee
226. Palpation of the knee
227. Flexion of the knee
228. Extension of the knee
229. Rotation of the knee
230. An overview of painful conditions of the knee
231. The bulge sign for small joint effusions
232. The ballottement test for large joint effusions
233. The valgus stress test for medial collateral ligament integrity
234. The Swain rotary stability test for medial knee instability
235. The varus stress test for lateral collateral ligament integrity
236. The anterior drawer test for anterior cruciate ligament integrity
237. The flexion-rotation anterior drawer test for anterior cruciate ligament instability
238. The Lachman test for anterior cruciate ligament integrity
239. The posterior drawer test for posterior cruciate ligament integrity
240. The Hughston external rotation-recurvatum test for posterior cruciate ligament instability
241. The quadriceps active test for posterior cruciate ligament integrity
242. The pivot shift test for anterolateral rotary instability
243. The reverse pivot shift test of Jakob for posterolateral instability
244. The tibial external rotation test for injury to the posterolateral corner
245. The Perkins test for patellofemoral pain syndrome
246. The patellar grind test for patellofemoral pain syndrome
247. The Fairbanks apprehension test for lateral patellar subluxation
248. The patellar tilt test for lateral retinacular dysfunction
249. The McMurray test for torn meniscus
250. The Apley grinding test for meniscal tear
251. The squat test for meniscal tear
252. The Thessaly test for meniscal tear
253. The twist test for semimembranosus insertion syndrome
254. The knee extension test for quadriceps expansion syndrome
255. Bursitis of the knee
Suprapatellar bursitis
Prepatellar bursitis
Superficial and deep infrapatellar bursitis
Pes anserine bursitis
256. The creaking tendon sign for hamstring tendinitis
257. The Nobel compression test for iliotibial band syndrome
258. The bump sign for Baker cyst of the knee
259. Foucher sign for Baker cyst
Section XI. The Ankle and Foot
260. Functional anatomy of the ankle and foot
261. Visual inspection of the ankle and foot
262. Palpation of the ankle and foot
263. The wave test for ankle joint effusion
264. The anterior drawer test for anterior talofibular ligament insufficiency
265. The inversion test for anterior talofibular ligament insufficiency
266. The eversion test for deltoid ligament insufficiency
267. The squeeze test for syndesmosis ankle strain
268. The external rotation test for syndesmosis ankle strain
269. The Tinel sign for anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome
270. The Tinel sign for posterior tarsal tunnel syndrome
271. The creak sign for Achilles tendinitis
272. The toe raise test for Achilles tendon rupture
273. The Thompson squeeze test for Achilles tendon rupture
274. The Matles test for Achilles tendon rupture
275. The calcaneal jump sign for plantar fasciitis
276. The calcaneal squeeze test for calcaneal stress fracture
277. The windlass test for plantar fasciitis
278. The Mulder sign for Morton neuroma
279. Digital nerve stretch test for Morton neuroma
280. Metatarsophalangeal dorsal drawer test for plantar plate insufficiency
281. The paper Pullout test for plantar plate insufficiency
Index

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Steven D. Waldman