Physical Acoustics V16

Contributors

Preface


1 Relaxation Processes in Sound Propagation in Fluids: A Historical Survey


1. Introduction


2. Attenuation of Sound in a Viscous and Heat-Conducting Fluid as a Classical Relaxation Process


3. Sound Propagation as a Molecular Process


4. Jeans' Theory of Propagation of Sound Through a Gas Composed of Loaded Spheres


5. Einstein's Investigation of Sound Propagation in Partially Dissociated Gases


6. Application of the Relaxation Concept to Sound Dispersion and Absorption by Herzfeld and Rice


7. The Investigations of Bourgin on the Propagation of Sound in Gases


8. Kneser's Research on the Dispersion of Sound Due to Relaxation Processes


9. Henry's Investigation of Energy Exchanges Between Molecules


10. Kneser's Contribution to the Molecular Relaxation Theory of Sound Absorption


11. The Collaboration of Knudsen and Kneser in Studies of Anomalous Sound Absorption in Gases


12. Relaxational Theories for the Excess Absorption of Sound in Liquids


13. Relaxation in the Theory of Sound Attenuation in Solids

References


2 Acoustic Vibrational Modes in Quartz Crystals: Their Frequency, Amplitude, and Shape Determination


1. Introduction


2. Vibrational Modes of Quartz Crystals


3. Survey Of Experimental Methods for Determination of Mode Shapes, Frequencies, and Amplitudes of Vibrations of Quartz Crystals


4. Conclusion

References


3 Electron and Phonon Drag on Mobile Dislocations in Metals at Low Temperatures


1. Introduction


2. Review of Prior Experimental Work on Electron Drag in Superconductors


3. Recent Experimental Work on Mobile Dislocation Densities and Dislocation Drag in Superconductors and Normal-State Metals


4. Discussion

References


4 Two-Pulse Phonon Echoes in Solid-State Acoustics


1. Introduction


2. Backward-Wave Echoes


3. Acoustic Spin Echoes


4. Powder Echoes


5. Concluding Remarks

References


5 Dynamic Polarization Echoes in Powdered Materials


1. Introduction


2. Anharmonic Oscillator Model


3. Parametric Field-Mode Interaction Model


4. Experimental Results and Comparison with Theory


5. Concluding Remarks

References


6 Memory Echoes in Powders


1. Introduction


2. General Survey of Experimental Data


3. The Particle Rotation Model


4. Internal Deformation Models


5. Experimental Method


6. Experimental Observations


7. Conclusions

Appendix A. Derivation of Torque Equation From the Three-Dimensional Motion of a Particle in a Field

Appendix B. Field Orientation Dependence for the Rotation Model

Appendix C. Field Orientation Dependence for the Internal Deformation Model

References


7 Fiber Optic Acoustic Transduction


1. Introduction


2. Optical Fiber Types


3. Mach-Zehnder Fiber Interferometer


4. Single-Fiber Interferometer


5. Polarization Sensors


6. Optical Intensity Fiber Sensors


7. Evanescent Field Fiber Coupler Sensors


8. Hybrid Fiber Sensors


9. Practical Sensor Implementation

References

Author Index

Subject Index

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