Photothermal Investigations of Solids and Fluids

Photothermal Investigations of Solids and Fluids discusses photothermal optical diagnostic techniques in the study of solids and fluids, which involve areas of photothermal spectroscopy, imaging, and velocimetry. This book explores the development of lasers as powerful and convenient sources of localized energy. Organized into 10 chapters, this monograph begins with an overview of photothermal spectroscopy as the field in which the nature of matter is probed using optical excitation of a medium and optical probing of the thermal energy that results from this excitation. This book then provides the reader with a link between the physics applicable to the photothermal experiments and the methodology involved in such investigation. Other chapters examine the experimental photothermal detectors that are constructed for use in most forms of chromatography and electrophoresis. The final chapter deals with several promising spectroscopies, including photothermal interferometry, photothermal modulation of Mie scattering, and photophoretic spectroscopy. Graduate students, professors, and research scientists will find this monograph extremely useful.

List of Contributors Preface

1. Overview of Photothermal Spectroscopy I. Introduction II. PT Detections and Applications III. Conclusion
2. Photothermal Investigation of Solids: Basic Physical Principles I. Physical Parameters Involved in a Photothermal Experiment II. Detection of the Photothermal Signal III. Photothermal Signal Generation: Theoretical Approach IV. Specific Problems V. Spectral and Spatial Multiplexing the Photothermal Signals
3. The Theory of the Photothermal Effect in Fluids I. Formation of the Thermal Image II. Detection of the Thermal Image
4. Photothermal Spectroscopy: Applications in Chromatography and Electrophoresis I. General Introduction to Chromatography and Electrophoresis II. Photothermal Gas-Chromatography Detectors III. Photothermal Liquid-Chromatography Detectors IV. Photothermal Flow-Injection Analysis Detectors V. Photo thermal Electrophoresis Detectors VI. Photo thermal Detectors for Thin-Layer Chromatography VII. Conclusions
5. Photothermal Studies of Energy Transfer and Reaction Rates I. Introduction II. Time-Resolved Optoacoustics III. Time-Dependent Thermal Lensing IV. Timescales V. TDTL and TROA Theory VI. Experimental Methods VII. Observed and Calculated Results VIII. Conclusions
6. Mirage Detection of Thermal Waves I. Imaging of Surface and Subsurface Defects in Solids II. Characterization of Material Properties
7. Fluid Velocimetry Using the Photothermal Deflection Effect I. Introduction II. Photothermal Deflection Effect III. Related Research IV. Laminar Flow (Low Velocity) V. Laminar Flow (High Velocity) VI. Turbulent Flows VII. Two-Dimensional Velocity Measurements VIII. Velocities for Flowing Liquids IX. Temperature and Pressure Dependence of PD Signals X.