Photochemistry and Photobiology of Nucleic Acids

1st Edition - January 1, 1976
Editor: Shih-Yi Wang
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 1 6 9 - 7

Photochemistry and Photobiology of Nucleic Acids, Volume I: Chemistry covers the historical developments in the study of photobiology and photochemistry of nucleic acid components.… Read more

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Photochemistry and Photobiology of Nucleic Acids, Volume I: Chemistry covers the historical developments in the study of photobiology and photochemistry of nucleic acid components. This volume is divided into 12 chapters that deal with the isolation and characterization of ultraviolet photoproducts of pyrimidines. After briefly covering the concepts of photochemistry of nucleic acids, this volume goes on describing the UV-induced physical and chemical alterations in nucleic acid components, such as pyrimidines, purines, their nucleosides and nucleotides, and related compounds. Significant chapters are devoted to mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and crystal and molecular structure determinations by X-ray diffraction. Together with the pertinent examples, a short discussion on the theory and techniques is also presented in each chapter. This volume also includes a chapter on radiation chemistry to examine the close relationship between the chemical effects of UV-light and X- or gamma-radiation. This volume is of value to researchers who are active in the study of photochemistry and photobiology in nucleic acids as well as to advanced undergraduate and graduate students interested in this field.

List of Contributors

Preface

Contents of Volume II

Chapter 1 Introductory Concepts for Photochemistry of Nucleic Acids

A. Introduction

B. Basic Aspects of Photochemistry

References

Chapter 2 Excited States of the Nucleic Acids: Bases, Mononucleosides, and Mononucleotides

A. Introduction

B. Electronic Transitions from Ground State

C. Properties of Excited Singlet States

D. Properties of the Triplet States

E. Future Work

References

Chapter 3 Excited States of the Nucleic Acids: Polymeric Forms

A. Dinucleoside Phosphates

B. Oligonucleotides

C. Single-Stranded Polynucleotides

D. Double-Stranded Polynucleotides

E. Polynucleotide Studies at Room Temperature

F. DNA

G. RNA

References

Chapter 4 Pyrimidine Photohydrates

A. Introduction

B. Photohydrate Formation

C. Properties of the Photohydrate

D. Summary

References

Chapter 5 Pyrimidine Photodimers

A. Introduction

B. Photodimerization of Monomers in Solution

C. Dimerization in Solids

D. Dimerization in Oligo- and Polynucleotides

E. Properties of Pyrimidine Photodimers

F. Summary

References

Chapter 6 Pyrimidine Bimolecular Photoproducts

Part A. Photochemistry of 5-Halogenouracil Derivatives

A. 5-Bromo-, 5-Chloro-, and 5-Iodouracil Derivatives

B. 5-Fluorouracil Derivatives

Part B. Bipyrimidine Photoproducts Derived from Pyrimidine Radicals

C. 5,6-Dihydropyrimidine Radicals

D. Thyminyl Radical (Thy?)

E. Bipyrimidine Products

F. Photochemical Mechanisms

Part C. Bipyrimidine Photoadducts

G. Heteroadduct of Thy and Cyt and of Thy and Ura and Related Compounds

H. Homoadduct of Thy and Related Compounds

I. Homoadduct of Ura and Ura Phototrimer

J. Homoadduct of Cyt and Heteroadduct of Cyt and 4-Sra and of Cyt and Ura

K. Properties of Photoadducts

References

Chapter 7 Photoproducts of Purines

A. Introduction

B. Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Purines

C. Energy Transfer

D. Photolyses of Purines

E. The Photodynamic Effect

F. Photoreactions of Purines with Alcohols

G. Photoreactions of Purines with Amines

H. Other Photochemical Reactions of Purines

References

Chapter 8 Aggregate Formation, Excited-State Interactions, and Photochemical Reactions in Frozen Aqueous Solutions of Nucleic Acid Constituents

A. Introduction

B. Aggregate Formation in Frozen Aqueous Solutions

C. Excited-State Interactions and Energy Transfer in Aggregates

D. Excited States of Intermolecular Complexes in Frozen Aqueous Solutions

E. Photochemical Reactions of Nucleic Acid Derivatives in Frozen Aqueous Solutions

F. Conclusion

References

Chapter 9 Analysis by Mass Spectrometry of the Photoproducts of Nucleic Acid Bases

A. Molecular Weights and Elemental Compositions

B. Fragmentation Patterns

C. Isotope Studies

D. Mass Spectrometry

References

Chapter 10 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Photoproducts

A. Introduction

B. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

C. Detection of Magnetic Resonance — The Basic NMR Spectrometer

D. Relaxation Times and Relaxation Mechanisms

E. General Features of NMR Spectra

F. Sensitivity of the NMR Method

G. NMR Spectra of Photoproducts and Related Compounds

References

Chapter 11 Crystal and Molecular Structure of Photoproducts from Nucleic Acids

A. Introduction

B. Data Collection

C. Structure Determination

D. Structural Results for Photoproducts

E. Structural Results for Radiation Products

F. Summary

References

Chapter 12 The Radiation Chemistry of Pyrimidines, Purines, and Related Substances

A. Introduction

B. Decomposition of Water by Ionizing Radiations and Effects on Solutes

C. Rates of Reaction with the Primary Species

D. Radiolysis of Aqueous Pyrimidine Solutions

E. Radiolysis of Aqueous Purine Solutions

References

Subject Index