Partitioning In Aqueous Two – Phase System

Contributors

Preface

Abbreviations and Conventions


1 History of Aqueous Polymer Two-Phase Partition

Text

References


2 Theoretical Aspects of Partitioning

I. Properties of Polymers

II. Phase Separation

III. Theory of Partitioning

References


3 Preparation of Phase Systems and Measurement of Their Physicochemical Properties

I. Introduction

II. Preparation of Phase Systems

III. Single-Step Partition Experiments

IV. Measurement of Physicochemical Properties of Phase Systems

References


4 Thin-Layer Countercurrent Distribution and Apparatus

I. Introduction

II. Principles of Countercurrent Distribution

III. Phase System Selection

IV. Countercurrent Distribution of Particulate Samples

V. Thin-Layer Countercurrent Distribution Apparatus

References


5 Other Types of Countercurrent Distribution Apparatus and Continuous Flow Chromatography Techniques

I. Introduction

II. Enhanced Gravity Countercurrent Distribution

III. Column Chromatography

IV. Countercurrent Chromatography

V. Emerging Techniques

VI. Commercial Availability

References


6 Partitioning of Proteins

I. Introduction

II. Properties Determining the Partitioning Behavior of Proteins

III. Practical Procedures Used in Partitioning Proteins

IV. Practical Aspects of Protein Extraction

V. Multistep Extraction Procedures

VI. Analytical Applications

VII. Specific Studies

References


7 Partitioning of Nucleic Acids

I. Introductory Remarks

II. General Behavior of Nucleic Acids in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems

III. Isolation and Fractionation of Nucleic Acids in Aqueous Two-Phase Polymer Systems

IV. Fractionation of Chromosomes by Partitioning in Poly(ethylene Glycol)-Dextran Systems

V. Applications of Partitioning for Studying Nucleic Acid-Ligand Interactions

References


8 Interacting Systems and Binding Studied by Partitioning

I. Introduction

II. Theory

III. Examples

IV. Conclusion

References


9 Steroid Receptors and Steroid-Binding Plasma Proteins Studied by Partitioning

I. Biological Functions of Steroid-Binding Proteins

II. Use of Partitioning for Studying Steroid-Protein Binding

III. Use of Partitioning for Studying Molecular Conversions of Glucocorticoid-Receptor Complexes

References


10 Surface Properties of Cells Reflected by Partitioning: Red Blood Cells as a Model

I. Introduction

II. What Red Blood Cells Taught Us About Phase Systems

III. What Phase Systems Taught Us About Red Blood Cells

IV. Comments on Dextran-Ficoll Aqueous Phase Systems

V. Conclusion

References


11 Separation and Subfractionation of Selected Mammalian Cell Populations

I. Introduction

II. Separation and Subfractionation of Blood Elements

III. Partitioning of Bone Marrow Cells: Cells Containing Hemoglobin

IV. Fractionation of Lymphoid Cells from Spleen and Other Tissues

V. Tissue Cells

VI. Tissue Culture Cells

VII. Conclusion

References


12 Partitioning of Bacteria, Virus, and Phage

I. Introduction

II. Aqueous Two-Phase Partitioning of Bacteria

III. Aqueous Two-Phase Partitioning of Virus and Phage

IV. Summary

References


13 Partitioning of Animal Membranes and Organelles

I. Introduction

II. Relevant Principles in Phase Partitioning as Applied to Cell Particles

III. Preparative and Semipreparative Procedures

IV. Analytical Phase Partitioning Procedures: Application to Membrane Fragments and Organelles

V. Conclusions

References


14 Partitioning of Plant Cells, Cell Walls, Membranes, and Organelles

I. Cells and Cell Walls

II. Protoplasts

III. Plasma Membranes

IV. Intact Chloroplasts

V. Leaf Mitochondria

VI. Separation of Right-Side-Out and Inside-Out Membrane Vesicles

VII. Concluding Remarks

References


15 Applications of Phase Partitioning in Biotechnology

I. Introduction

II. Enzyme Purification by Liquid-Liquid Extraction in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems

III. Extractive Bioconversions in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems

IV. Additional Preparative Applications

Appendix: Analysis of PEG-Salt Systems

References


16 Polymer-Ligands Used in Affinity Partitioning and Their Synthesis

I. Introduction

II. General Chemistry of Poly(ethylene Glycol)

III. Synthesis of Poly(ethylene Glycol) Derivatives

IV. Selected Poly(ethylene Glycol) Derivatives for Affinity Partitioning

V. General Chemistry of Dextran

VI. Synthesis of Dextran Derivatives

VII. Selected Dextran Derivatives for Affinity Partitioning

References


17 Partitioning: A Comprehensive Bibliography

Text

Bibliography

Addendum 1961-1983

Addendum 1984-1985

Index