Particle Formation with Supercritical Fluids, Volume 6

• Supercritical Fluid Science and Technology
  • Series Editor – Erdogan Kiran
• Foreword
• Preface
• Chapter 1. Introduction
  • 1.1. Some Conventions
  • 1.2. Solid Compounds of Interest
  • 1.3. Scope of the Book
  • 1.4. Motivation
• Chapter 2. Fundamentals
  • 2.1. Pure Supercritical Fluids
  • 2.2. Mixtures Consisting of an SCF and a Low Volatile Substance
  • 2.3. Useful Equations of State
  • 2.4. Modeling Binary Systems
  • 2.5. Modeling Ternary Systems
  • 2.6. Apparatus/Experimental Techniques for Measuring (High Pressure) Phase Equilibria Data
  • 2.7. Selected Particle Characterization Methods
• Chapter 3. Basics of Particle Formation Processes
  • 3.1. Fluid Dynamics, Mass, Energy, and Momentum Balances
  • 3.2. Supersaturation
  • 3.3. Energetics of Nucleus Formation
  • 3.4. Kinetics of Phase Transition
  • 3.5. Particle Formation and Growth
• Chapter 4. Formation of Organic Particles Using a Supercritical Fluid as Solvent
  • 4.1. Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solution
  • 4.2. Modification of the RESS Process
  • 4.3. Conditions for Successful Particle Formation
• Chapter 5. Formation of Organic Particles Using a Supercritical Fluid as Antisolvent
  • 5.1. Gas Antisolvent
  • 5.2. Modifications of the GAS Process
  • 5.3. Conditions for Successful Particle Formation—Results and Applications
• Chapter 6. Formation of Organic Particles Using a Supercritical Fluid as Solute
  • 6.1. Particles from Gas Saturated Solutions
  • 6.2. Modification of the PGSS Process
  • 6.3. Conditions for Successful Particle Formation—Typical Results
• Chapter 7. Formation of Inorganic Particles Using a Supercritical Fluid as Reaction Media
  • 7.1. Supercritical Fluid Reactive Deposition
  • 7.2. Hydrothermal Synthesis in Supercritical Water
  • 7.3. Conditions for Successful Particle Formation
• Chapter 8. State of the Art Modeling of Particle Formation in Supercritical Fluids
  • 8.1. Rapid Expansion of a Supercritical Solution Process
  • 8.2. Gas Antisolvent Process
  • 8.3. Particles from Gas-Saturated Solutions Process
  • 8.4. Supercritical Fluid Reactive Deposition Process
  • 8.5. HTS Process
• Chapter 9. Perspectives in Future Trends and Research Needs
• List of Most Important Symbols
• Index

Particle formation with supercritical fluids is a promising alternative to conventional precipitation processes as it allows the reduction of particle size and control of morphology and particle size distribution without degradation or contamination of the product. The book comprehensively examines the current status of research and development and provides perspectives and insights on promising future directions.

The introduction to high pressure and high temperature phase equilibria and nucleation phenomena provides the basic principles of the underlying physical and chemical phenomena, allowing the reader an understanding of the relationship between process conditions and particle characteristics.

Bridging the gap between theory and application, the book imparts the scientific and engineering fundamentals for innovative particle formation processes. The interdisciplinary "modus operandi" will encourage cooperation between scientists and researchers from different but complementary disciplines.

• Focuses on the general principles of particle formation in supercritical fluids
• Considers high pressure and high temperature phase equilibria, fluid dynamics and nucleation theory
• Discusses the underlying physical and chemical phenomena needed to understand the different applications, pointing out the relationship between process conditions and product properties

Chemical engineers, materials scientists, chemists and physicists from both academia and industry