Paleotemperature Analysis

1st Edition, Volume 2 - January 1, 1966
Author: Robert Bowen
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 7 5 0 6 - 2

Methods in Geochemistry and Geophysics, 2: Paleotemperature Analysis focuses on the paleotemperature-analytical method, including the use of oxygen isotopes in carbonate analysis… Read more

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Methods in Geochemistry and Geophysics, 2: Paleotemperature Analysis focuses on the paleotemperature-analytical method, including the use of oxygen isotopes in carbonate analysis and in advancing knowledge on paleoclimates. The manuscript first offers information on the isotopes of oxygen as climatic indicators and sampling of fossil organisms, as well as oxygen and paleotemperatures, belemnoidea, and other fossils. The book also ponders on chemical techniques and mass spectrometric methods. Discussions focus on thermal and acid decomposition of carbonates, slow formation of carbonate solids, precipitation of carbonate, and mass spectrometry. The text examines paleotemperature scales and magnesium and strontium concentrations. Topics include salinity, standards, magnesium and strontium contents, history of sea water, and Mccrea's carbonate paleotemperature scale. The publication also takes a look at paleozoic, Jurassic, cretaceous, and tertiary and Pleistocene paleotemperatures. The publication is a dependable reference for readers interested in paleotemperatures.

ContentsPreface Chapter 1. Ancient Climates Climate Today Ancient Climates Biological Indicators Inorganic Indicators Cold Climates Hot Climates The Carbonate Thermometer Uniformitarianism The Post-Silurian Climatic History of the Earth Chapter 2 . The Isotopes of Oxygen As Climatic Indicators Oxygen and Paleotemperatures Carbonate-Water Equilibrium Technical Problems Chapter 3. The Sampling of Recent and Fossil Organisms Belemnoidea Phragmocone Rostrum Other Fossils Chapter 4. Chemical Techniques Thermal Decomposition of Carbonates Acid Decomposition of Carbonates Precipitation of Carbonate Slow Formation of Carbonate Solids Impurity Problems Isotopic Exchange Experiments Chapter 5. Mass Spectrometric Methods Mass Spectrometry Nier-Mckinney-Urey Type Machine Inlet System The Ion Source The Analyzer Tube The Collectors The Balance Circuit The Data Recorded Conclusion Chapter 6. Paleotemperature Scales Mccrea's Carbonate Paleotemperature Scale The Naidin, Teis and Chupakhin Scale The Epstein, Buchsbaum, Lowenstam and Urey Carbonate-Water Isotopic Temperature Scales Standards Salinity Average δ18O For Oceans Relationship Between 18O Content and Salinity Chapter 7. Magnesium and Strontium Concentrations Magnesium and Strontium Contents Magnesium Strontium History of Sea Water 18O/16O Ratios Strontium and Magnesium Recent and Fossil Samples Chapter 8. Paleozoic Paleotemperatures Devonian Mississippian (Lower Carboniferous) Permian Carnarvon Basin, Lyons Group (Sakmarian) Fitzroy Basin, Noon Kanbah Formation (Upper Artinskian) The Moral of Eurydesma Chapter 9. Jurassic Paleotemperatures Europe North America East Greenland Alaska Canada U.S.A South America Australia and New Guinea India Seasonal Variation Analyses Chapter 10. Cretaceous Paleotemperatures Introduction Temperature Ranges General Climatic Trends Latitudinal Climatic Gradients Shifts of Isotherms Chapter 11. Tertiary and Pleistocene Paleotemperatures Tertiary Pleistocene Corrections For Oxygen Isotope Data Methods of Age Dating Causes of Ice Ages Further Pleistocene Core and Macrofossil Work Absolute Chronology of Human Evolution Chapter 12. Oxygen-18/Oxygen-16 Measurements On Recent Organisms Temperature Conditions On Bermuda Platform Depth Habitats of Some Pelagic Foraminifera Isotopic Composition of Some Recent Marine Organisms Addendum Phosphate Thermometry Future ProspectsAppendix 1. Method of Preparation of 100% Phosphoric AcidAppendix 2. Correction Factors For Mass-Spectrometric Analysis of C02Appendix 3. Average Ocean Water, Smow and The PDB-1 Standard Appendix 4. Additional Standards Appendix 5. Seasonal Analyses On Jurassic Belemnoidea Appendix 6. The Aptian In The Devoluy Final Note References Index