Optical Thin Films and Coatings

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Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials

Preface

Part I: Design and manufacturing of optical thin films and coatings

Chapter 1: Recent developments in deposition techniques for optical thin films and coatings

Abstract:

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Early processes for the deposition of optical coatings

1.3 The energetic processes

1.4 Cathodic arc evaporation

1.5 Pulsed laser deposition

1.6 Chemical vapor deposition

1.7 Atomic layer deposition

1.8 Sol–gel processes

1.9 Etching

1.10 Other techniques

1.11 Conclusion

Chapter 2: Design of complex optical coatings

Abstract:

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Modern numerical thin film synthesis techniques

2.3 Manufacturability issues

2.4 Hybrid design

2.5 Conclusion

2.6 Acknowledgements

Chapter 3: Optical monitoring strategies for optical coating manufacturing

Abstract:

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Classification of optical monitoring strategies

3.3 Turning point optical monitoring and error self-compensation effect

3.4 Level monitoring: passive and active monochromatic monitoring strategies

3.5 Direct broad band optical monitoring

3.6 Indirect optical monitoring strategies

3.7 Conclusion

Chapter 4: Production strategies for high-precision optical coatings

Abstract:

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Basic concept of deterministic production

4.3 Optical broad band monitoring

4.4 Virtual deposition system

4.5 Direct on-line correction tools

4.6 Design stability in production processes

4.7 Deposition control of coating systems with continuous refractive index variation

4.8 Conclusion

Part II: Unconventional features of optical thin films and coatings

Chapter 5: Complex materials with plasmonic effects for optical thin film applications

Abstract:

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Physics of some classes of novel materials for plasmonic applications

5.3 Ceramic matrix with embedded metal nanostructures

5.4 Searching for alternative plasmonic materials

5.5 Characterization of novel materials with plasmonic effects

5.6 Conclusion

Chapter 6: Scattering properties of random structures in thin films

Abstract:

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Numerical solution of reduced Rayleigh equations for scattering of light from dielectric films with one-dimensional rough surfaces

6.3 Reduced Rayleigh equations for the scattering of p- and s-polarized light from, and its transmission through, a film with two one-dimensional rough surfaces

6.4 Numerical solution of the reduced Rayleigh equation for the scattering of light from a two-dimensional randomly rough penetrable surface

6.5 Scattering of light from a dielectric film with a two-dimensional randomly rough surface deposited on a planar metal substrate

6.6 Analytical methods for the scattering from a three-dimensional film with randomly rough surfaces

6.7 Theoretical methods for the scattering of

6.8 Applications

6.9 Conclusion

6.11 Appendices

Appendix 6.11.2 Mueller Matrix and Tensor

Chapter 7: Optical properties of thin film materials at short wavelengths

Abstract:

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Material behaviour over the spectrum

7.3 Reflection and transmission in absorbing materials

7.4 The optical constants of materials at short wavelengths

7.5 Link between n and k: Kramers-Kronig analysis

7.6 Experimental determination of optical constants

7.7 Specifics of optical coatings at short wavelengths

7.8 Conclusion

7.9 Acknowledgements

Chapter 8: Controlling thermal radiation from surfaces

Abstract:

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Blackbody radiation

8.3 Emissivity

8.4 Optically selective coatings

8.5 Conclusion

Chapter 9: Color in optical coatings

Abstract:

9.1 Introduction

9.2 The development of the understanding of interference color

9.3 Overview of basic colorimetry

9.4 Optical coating colorimetry

9.5 Conclusion

9.6 Acknowledgements

Part III: Novel materials for optical thin films and coatings

Chapter 10: Organic optical coatings

Abstract:

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Specific properties of organic layers

10.3 Optical coatings with organic layers

10.4 Deposition techniques

10.5 Composites

10.6 Conclusion

Chapter 11: Surface multiplasmonics with periodically non-homogeneous thin films

Abstract:

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Historical development

11.3 Periodically non-homogeneous dielectric materials

11.4 Canonical boundary-value problem

11.5 Grating-coupled configuration

11.6 Turbadar–Kretschmann–Raether (TKR) configuration

11.7 Conclusions

11.8 Future research

11.9 Sources of further information and advice

Chapter 12: Optical thin films containing quantum dots

Abstract:

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Applications of quantum dots

12.3 Modelling the electronic properties of multiple quantum wells

12.4 Numerical results

12.5 Realization of thin films containing quantum dots

12.6 Characterization of thin films containing quantum dots

12.7 Refractive index of layers containing quantum dots and of quantum dots alone

12.8 Conclusion

12.9 Acknowledgements

Part IV: Applications of optical thin films and coatings

Chapter 13: Optical coatings on plastic for antireflection purposes

Abstract:

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Transparent polymer materials for optics

13.3 Plastics in vacuum coating processes

13.4 Antireflection methods

13.5 Conclusion

13.6 Sources of further information and advice

Chapter 14: Protective coatings for optical surfaces

Abstract:

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Testing methods

14.3 Coating design

14.4 Application examples

14.5 Conclusion

Chapter 15: Optical coatings for displays and lighting

Abstract:

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Optical coatings for flat panel display (FPD)

15.3 Optical coatings for projectors

15.4 Optical coatings for projectors using light emitting diode (LED) light source

15.5 Optical coating for automobiles head up display (HUD)

15.6 Optical coatings for LEDs

15.7 Conclusion

15.8 Acknowledgements

Chapter 16: Innovative approaches in thin film photovoltaic cells

Abstract:

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Inorganic nanostructures for photovoltaic solar cells

16.3 Organic thin film solar cells

16.4 Copper indium gallium diselenide thin film solar cells

16.5 Conclusion

Chapter 17: Optical coatings for security and authentication devices

Abstract:

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Basic principles and structures currently applied

17.3 Specific optical effects suitable for security devices

17.4 Active devices

17.5 Film functionality and structurally controlled optical coatings

17.6 Conclusion

Chapter 18: Optical coatings for high-intensity femtosecond lasers

Abstract:

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Mirror design approaches

18.3 The highest possible value of group delay dispersion (GDD)

18.4 Production of dispersive mirrors

18.5 Pulse compression with dispersive mirrors

18.6 Measurement of group delay with white light interferometer

18.7 Application of dispersive mirrors in high-intensity lasers

18.8 Conclusion

Chapter 19: Optical coatings for large facilities

Abstract:

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Domains of applications and major programs

19.3 Review of technological solutions

19.4 Thin film uniformity: key problem

19.5 Focus on large magnetron sputtering facility

19.6 Highlights on two major programs

19.7 Conclusion

Chapter 20: Optical coatings for automotive and building applications

Abstract:

20.1 Introduction

20.2 The role of thermal control in glazing

20.3 Window coating types by functionality

20.4 Glazing types: monolithic, laminated, and multi-cavity glazing designs

20.5 Coatings on glass substrates

20.6 Coatings on polymer substrates

20.7 Special considerations for applications

20.8 Conclusion

20.9 Future trends

20.10 Sources of further information and advice

20.11 Acknowledgements

Chapter 21: Transparent conductive thin films

Abstract:

21.1 Introduction

21.2 Conductivity fundamentals

21.3 Control of optoelectronic properties

21.4 Beyond optoelectronic properties

21.5 Traditional applications

21.6 Recent applications

21.7 Future applications

21.8 Conclusion

Chapter 22: Optical coatings in the space environment

Abstract:

22.1 Introduction

22.2 The space environment

22.3 Contamination

22.4 Product assurance for space coatings

22.5 Conclusion

22.6 Acknowledgements

Index