Optical Performance Monitoring

1. Optical Performance Monitoring: Perspectives and Challenges
Alan E. Willner, Xiaoxia Wu and Jeng-Yuan Yang

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Physical-Layer Measurements and Routing Decisions in Today's Optical Networks
1.3 Signal Parameters Requiring Monitoring and OPM Techniques
1.4 Laudable OPM-Enabled Functionalities in Next-Generation Optical Networks
1.5 Smart Network Operation and Security
1.6 Summary

2. Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio Monitoring
Jun Haeng Lee and Yun C. Chung

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Linear Interpolation Techniques
2.3 Polarization-based Techniques
2.4 Interferometer-based Technique
2.5 Beat Noise Analysis Techniques
2.6 OSNR Estimation Technique Based on the Operating Condition of Optical Amplifiers
2.7 Summary

3. Chromatic Dispersion Monitoring
Zhongqi Pan

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Chromatic Dispersion and Its Effects on Optical Fiber Systems
3.3 Chromatic Dispersion Monitoring Techniques
3.4 Summary

4. Polarization Mode Dispersion Monitoring
Changyuan Yu

4.1 Introduction of PMD
4.2 PMD Monitoring based on Measurement of RF Tone
4.3 PMD Monitoring based on Measurement of Degree of Polarization
4.4 Electronic PMD Monitoring Techniques
4.5 Other PMD Monitoring Techniques
4.6 Summary

5. Time Misalignment Monitoring
Lian-Kuan Chen

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Monitoring of Timing Alignment
5.3 Investigation of the Effects of Timing Misalignment
5.4 Mitigation of Timing Misalignment
5.5 Summary

6. Optical Performance Monitoring Based on Asynchronous Amplitude Histograms
Ruben S. Luis, Liliana Costa, António Teixeira, and Paulo André

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Monitoring Techniques Based on Analysis of Asynchronous Histograms
6.3 General Concepts on the Acquisition and Processing of Amplitude Histograms
6.4 Summary

7. Optical Performance Monitoring Based on Asynchronous Delay-Tap Sampling
Trevor B. Anderson, Sarah D. Dods,, Adam Kowalczyk, Ken Clarke, Don Hewitt, and Jonathan C. Li

7.1 Introduction
7.2 Technique
7.3 Experiment
7.4 Discussion
7.5 Summary

8. Optical Performance Monitoring Based on Optical Sampling
Christophe Dorrer

8.1 Introduction
8.2 LOS Principle and Properties
8.3 Implementations of LOS
8.4 Optical Performance Monitoring with LOS
8.5 Recent Results and Related Techniques
8.6 Summary

9. Optical Performance Monitoring Based on RF Pilot Tones
Paul K. J. Park and Yun C. Chung

9.1 Introduction
9.2 Performance Monitoring Techniques using AM Pilot Tones
9.3 Performance Monitoring Techniques using PM and FM Pilot Tones
9.4 Dispersion Monitoring Techniques for Adaptive Compensators
9.5 Summary

10. Optical Performance Monitoring Based on Electronic Digital Signal Processing
Fabian N. Hauske and Maxim Kuschnerov

10.1 Introduction
10.2 OPM in Digital Direct Detection Systems
10.3 OPM in Digital Coherent Receivers
10.4 Summary

11. Optical Performance Monitoring Based on Optical Nonlinear Effects
Daniel C. Kilper

11.1 Introduction
11.2 Nonlinear Optics
11.3 OPM Techniques Using Nonlinear Optics
11.4 Key Challenges
11.5 Summary

12. Optical Performance Monitoring of Optical Phase-Modulated Signals
Bartłomiej Kozicki

12.1 Introduction
12.2 Performance of Phase-Modulated Signals
12.3 Optical Performance Monitoring
12.4 Summary

13. Optical Performance Monitoring for Coherent Optical Systems
Yan Tang, Xingwen Yi, William Shieh

13.1 Historical Aspect of Coherent Optical Systems
13.2 Single-Carrier and Multicarrier Coherent Optical Systems
13.3 OPM Using Coherent Detection
13.4 OPM in CO-OFDM Systems
13.5 Progress in OPM for CO-OFDM Systems
13.6 OPM Experiment Results
13.7 Summary

14. Optical Performance Monitoring in Optical Transport Networks
Wolfgang Grupp

14.1 Introduction
14.2 Overview
14.3 Generic Modeling Principles for Transport Networks
14.4 Modeling of Multilayer Networks
14.5 Optical Transport Network-Layered Structure
14.6 OTN Services
14.7 Test and Measurement Tasks in Optical Networking
14.8 Optical Performance Monitoring
14.9 Implementation Issues
14.10 Future Challenges
14.11 Summary

15. Optical Performance Monitoring in Optical Long-Haul Transmission Systems
Xin Jiang

15.1 Introduction
15.2 Elements of a Long-Haul Transmission System
15.3 System Performance Measures
15.4 OPM in a Long-Haul Transmission System
15.5 Summary