Nutrition and Functional Foods in Boosting Digestion, Metabolism and Immune Health

1st Edition - December 1, 2021
Editors: Debasis Bagchi, Sunny Ohia
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 1 2 3 2 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 2 1 9 - 4

Nutrition and Functional Foods in Boosting Digestion, Metabolism and Immune Health explores the role of appropriate nutrition and digestive enzymes in healthy digestion. The book… Read more

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Nutrition and Functional Foods in Boosting Digestion, Metabolism and Immune Health explores the role of appropriate nutrition and digestive enzymes in healthy digestion. The book addresses salient gastrointestinal features involved in healthy digestion pathophysiology, including coverage of the enzyme-microbiome connection and linkage, features of indigestion problems, roles of traditional and conventional ethnic foods, structurally diverse digestive enzymes, drugs, nutraceuticals and novel digestive formulations. In addition, the book addresses technological breakthroughs that have led to recent, novel discoveries and outlines nutritional guidelines and recommendations to achieve healthy digestion.

This book is a useful resource for nutrition researchers, nutritionists, physicians working in the field of digestive health, pharmacists, food experts, health professionals, nurses and general practitioners, public health officials and those teaching or studying related fields.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Preface
A. Introduction
Chapter 1. Chemistry and mechanism of the diseases caused by digestive disorders
Introduction
Methods
Chemistry behind human digestive system and digestive disorders
Conclusion
Chapter 2. Current trend in the pharmacotherapy of digestive disorders
Introduction
Pharmacotherapy of peptic ulcer diseases
Pharmacotherapy of gastroeosphageal reflux
Pharmacotherapy of constipation and diarrhea
Pharmacotherapy of irritable bowel syndrome
Pharmacotherapy of hemorrhoids
Pharmacotherapy of disorders of the pancreas
Pharmacotherapy of inflammatory bowel disease
Conclusions
Chapter 3. Food derived ACE inhibitory peptides: science to application
Introduction
Production of bioactive peptides
Peptide transport systems
ACE inhibitory behavior of milk fermented by Lactobacillus
Functionality of bioactive peptides
Applications of ACE inhibitory peptides for the management of health problems
Limitations and challenges
Future perspectives
Chapter 4. Age- and obesity-related metabolic changes and their impact on the incidence of digestion, metabolism, and immune health
Introduction
Impaired digestion and metabolism
Osteoporosis and its links with obesity
The obesity paradox and osteoporosis
The link between diabetes and osteoporosis
Conclusions
B. Digestion, human physiology and enzyme-microbiome linkage
Chapter 5. Digestion and immune health
Introduction
The immune system and digestive tract
Impairment of digestion
Dietary habit
Interaction of digestive and immune systems
Digestion and immune health in normal well beings and diseases
Conclusion
Chapter 6. Influence of diet on gastrointestinal immunology
Introduction
Immune cells at the gastrointestinal border
Influence of gut microbiota on immune system of gastrointestinal tract
Role of diet in immune homeostasis of the gut
Diet related dysbiosis and inflammatory diseases
Immunonutrition in the treatment of dysbiosis-related diseases
Concluding remarks
Chapter 7. Immune dysregulation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Introduction to the spectrum of NAFLD
Molecular pathology of NASH
Liver damage and immune activation
Extrahepatic factors triggering inflammation in NASH
Innate immunity and NASH
Adaptive immunity and NASH
Therapeutic interventions to control inflammation in NASH
Conclusion
Chapter 8. Digestion and inflammatory responses
Introduction
Digestive system
Physiology of digestion
Pathological condition
Impact of inflammation in pathological condition
Implication of inflammation in digestion
Conclusion
Chapter 9. Digestion and gut microbiome
Introduction
Digestion
Digestive enzymes
The enzyme–microbiome linkage
Metabolic diseases related to digestive enzyme defects
How defective digestive enzymes/altered gut microbiome affects immune health
Digestive enzymes as supplements to boost immune health/gut microbiota
Conclusion
Chapter 10. Hyperlipidemia in cardiovascular health and digestion
Introduction
Lipases
Inhibition of lipase activity—control of infection and management of obesity
Chapter 11. Role of food structure in digestion and health
Introduction
Association of food structure to sensory reception
Association of food structure to digestion and health
General food digestion process
Properties of food influencing digestion process
Release of nutrients and Its bioavailability during digestion
Role of food structure in lipid digestion
Interaction of starch in food material and digestion
Behavior of protein in food matrix
Role of food structure on bioavailability of microcomponents
Modulation of food structure to improve digestion and health promoting behavior of food
Conclusion
Chapter 12. High-fat diet and constipation
Introduction
High-fat diet is a risk for functional constipation in children
High dietary saturated fat intake and constipation
HFD-induced constipation in mice
Role of mucus in the pathogenesis of constipation
Role of microbiota in HFD-induced constipation
Conclusion
Chapter 13. Effect of functional food ingredients on nutrient absorption and digestion
Introduction
Dietary fiber
Phytosterols
Polyphenolic compounds
Glucosinolates
Phytic acid
Medium-chain triglycerides
Soy proteins
C. Indigestion problems
Chapter 14. Impact of helicobacter pylori on human physiology and digestive disorders
Introduction
Epidemiology
Effect of H. pylori on human physiology
Effect of H. pylori on digestive disorders
Conclusions
D. Traditional and conventional ethnic foods
Chapter 15. Role of turmeric and cinnamon spices in digestive, metabolic, and immune systems
Introduction
Turmeric: a brief overview
Benefits of turmeric for stomach problems/digestive disorder
Effects of turmeric on the metabolism
Turmeric as immune booster
Cinnamon: an overview
Major chemical constituents
Effect of cinnamon on digestive system and metabolic disorder
Immunomodulatory effect of cinnamon
Summary
Chapter 16. Ayurvedic digestion recipes—Jal Jeera and Churan
Introduction
Healthy and refreshing Jal jeera
Jal jeera churan (dry powder) and other popular forms
Other popular digestive nutraceuticals containing Jal jeera components
Pharmacological profile of common ingredients of Jal jeera
Experimental evidences on modulation of digestion and metabolism by the common ingredients of jal jeera
Conclusion
Chapter 17. Kimchi and other fermented foods for gastrointestinal health
Introduction
Lactic acid bacteria and their functional properties in Korean fermented food
Health benefits of Kimchi, Doenjang, and Cheonggukjang
Korean fermented food for gastrointestinal health
Conclusion
Method statement
Chapter 18. Pyroglutamyl peptides in Japanese fermented foods and protein hydrolysate enhance production of host-antimicrobial peptides and ameliorate microbial imbalance
Introduction
Traditional Japanese seasonings
Generation of pyroglutamyl peptides
Effects of pyroglutamyl peptides on gut microbiota and colitis
Mechanism of effect of pyroGlu-Leu on gut microbiota
Impact of Japanese foods and protein hydrolysate on gut microbiota
Chapter 19. Jackfruit and its beneficial effects in boosting digestion and immune-enhancing properties
Introduction
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam)
Nutrition value and chemical composition
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Secondary metabolites
Minerals and vitamins
Therapeutic values of jackfruit
Dietary fibers of jackfruit/seeds helps in digestion
Jackfruit extract inhibits hemoglobin glycation and protects internal organs
Low glycemic index by jackfruit could be due to the presence of antioxidants such as vitamin C, β-carotene, and lycopene
Immunomodulatory effect of jackfruit could be due to the presence of lectins
Jacalin
Artin M (KM+/artocarpin)
Immunomodulatory role of Jacalin and Artin M
Conclusion
Chapter 20. Combatting chronic metabolic disorders and delaying aging by improving glucose-insulin metabolism and fat accumulation in nondiabetics: emphasizing dietary links
Introduction
Historical perspective
More evidence that surplus dietary refined carbohydrates, fats, and calories cause serious metabolic perturbations
Detailing dietary constituents
IR and FM accumulation during continuum of risks period
Paradox of aging
Therapeutic interventions to maintain an optimal-working glucose–insulin system over a lifespan
E. Digestive enzymes
Chapter 21. Efficacy of N-SORB, a proprietary KD120 MEC metabolically activated enzyme formulation in digestion: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation and case studies
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
Conflict of interests and funding
F. Digestive drugs, nutraceuticals and novel formulations
Chapter 22. Fat-soluble vitamins: the key role players in immunomodulation and digestion
Introduction
An overview on immunity
Common sources and biochemical characteristics of fat-soluble vitamins
Various effects on immunomodulatory functions
Concluding remarks
Chapter 23. Health benefits of inulin-type fructan on gut microbiome, digestive health, immunity, and nutrition
Introduction
Inulin-type fructan
Fermentation of inulin-type fructan by intestinal bacteria
Nutritional function of inulin-type fructan
Summary
Chapter 24. Gut health benefits of licorice and its flavonoids as dietary supplements
Significance of licorice for gut health in traditional systems of medicine
Key chemical constituents of licorice
Use of licorice in dietary supplements
Preclinical data on gut health benefits of licorice: biological activities of licorice flavonoids
Licorice as a prebiotic for the homeostasis of gastrointestinal microbiota
Benefits of combining probiotics with licorice
Products containing licorice with probiotics in the market for gut health (Fig. 24.5)
Clinical summary of licorice containing supplements for gut health
Regulatory and safety considerations
Conclusion
Chapter 25. Prebiotics and probiotics in prevention of food allergy
Introduction
Fetal immunity responses to prebiotics and probiotics
Probiotics
Prebiotics
Food allergy
Gut microbiome and food allergy relation
Prevention of food allergy by probiotics
Role of prebiotics in preventing food allergy
Conclusion
Chapter 26. Nutraceutical and phytopharmaceuticals in immune health
Introduction
Food plants as a source for nutraceuticals
Immunomodulatory potential of phytochemicals
Digestion and bioavailability of bioactive phytochemicals derived from Curcuma longa, Moringa oleifera, and Punica granatum
Retention of immunomodulatory effects by metabolites following passage through the gastrointestinal tract
Conclusion
Chapter 27. Nutraceuticals in digestive therapy
Introduction
Lifestyle, environment, and type of diet
Human genetic variation
Summary
Summary
Conclusion
Chapter 28. Role of probiotics and prebiotics in digestion, metabolism, and immunity
Introduction
Probiotics and prebiotics in digestion
Probiotics and prebiotics in metabolism
Probiotics and prebiotics in immunity
Safety of probiotics and prebiotics
Conclusion
Chapter 29. Edible insects and gut health
Introduction
Insect components for gut health
Effect of insect components on human gut health
Effect of insect components on human health and immunity
Consumer behavior and acceptance of edible insects as food
Potential risks of entomophagy
Future prospective
Commentary: A treatise on digestive health
Index

Debasis Bagchi

Debasis Bagchi, PhD, MACN, CNS, MAIChE, received his Ph.D. in Medicinal Chemistry in 1982. He is a Professor in the Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, and Chief Scientific Officer at Cepham Research Center, Piscataway, NJ, Adjunct Faculty in Texas Southern University, Houston, TX. He served as the Senior Vice President of Research & Development of InterHealth Nutraceuticals Inc, Benicia, CA, from 1998 until Feb 2011, and then as Director of Innovation and Clinical Affairs, of Iovate Health Sciences, Oakville, ON, until June 2013. Dr. Bagchi received the Master of American College of Nutrition Award in October 2010. He is the Past Chairman of International Society of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (ISNFF), Past President of American College of Nutrition, Clearwater, FL, and Past Chair of the Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Division of Institute of Food Technologists (IFT), Chicago, IL. He is serving as a Distinguished Advisor on the Japanese Institute for Health Food Standards (JIHFS), Tokyo, Japan. Dr. Bagchi is a Member of the Study Section and Peer Review Committee of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. He has published 321 papers in peer reviewed journals, 30 books, and 18 patents. Dr. Bagchi is also a Member of the Society of Toxicology, Member of the New York Academy of Sciences, Fellow of the Nutrition Research Academy, and Member of the TCE stakeholder Committee of the Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH. He is also Associate Editor for the Journal of Functional Foods, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, and the Archives of Medical and Biomedical Research, and is also serving as Editorial Board Member of numerous peer reviewed journals, including Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, Cancer Letters, Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, and The Original Internist, among others.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, USA; Chief Scientific Officer, Cepham Research Center, Piscataway, New Jersey; Adjunct Faculty, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA

Sunny Ohia

Sunny Ohia, Ph.D., FARVO, FAS is a Professor of Pharmacology in the College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences at Texas Southern University. Dr. Ohia has over 28 years of experience in higher education having served as a member of faculty in five universities in Canada and the United States (U.S.). He holds other academic appointments as adjunct professor of ophthalmology and visual sciences at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha and as an adjunct professor of integrative biology and pharmacology at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center in Houston. Dr. Ohia is a Fellow of the Nigerian Academy of Science and a Fellow of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. He is the author of more than 250 original papers, book chapters, books, and abstracts and, holds three U.S. and five international Patents for his scientific work. Dr. Ohia received his Ph.D. in pharmacology from the University of Glasgow, in Scotland, United Kingdom. Dr. Ohia completed postdoctoral research training fellowships in neuroscience and in ophthalmology/visual sciences at Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada and the University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY, respectively.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA