
Noise Control in Industry
A Practical Guide
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Damage from noise exposure of sufficient intensity and duration is well established and hearing loss may be temporary or permanent. Fortunately, noise exposure can be controlled and technology exists to reduce the hazards. Aside from employer/employee concern with the inherent hazards of noise, added attention has been brought to focus on the subject through regulatory requirements. Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) every employer is legally responsible for providing a workplace free of hazards such as excessive noise. It has been estimated that 14 million US workers are exposed to hazardous noise. This book is presented as an overview summary for employers, workers, and supervisors interested in workplace noise and its control. We believe that in order to understand and control noise it is not necessary to be highly technical. Noise problems can quite often be solved by the people who are directly affected. Presented is an overview of noise, the regulations concerning its control, an explanation of specific principles, and a discussion of some particular techniques.
Readership
Employers, workers, and supervisors interested in workplace noise and its control.
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction to Sound and Noise
Effects of Noise
Human Exposure and Response
Physics of Sound
Relationship of Sound Pressure, Sound Power and Sound Intensity
Frequency of Sound
Duration of Sound
Nomenclature
References
2. Industrial Noise Control-An Overview
Low-Cost Solutions for Noise Control
Master Plans
Sound Control Principles
Example
Material Selection
References
3. Noise Control Regulations
The Noise Control Act as Amended by the Quiet Communities Act
State Environmental Noise Programs
Occupational Safety and Health Act
1974 OSHA Proposal to Amend Noise Standard
Hearing Conservation Program Rules
State Workman's Compensation Laws
Abbreviations
References
Note Added in Proof: OSHA Regulatory Changes
4. Noise Analysis
Microphone Designs
Sound Fields
Microphones and the Acoustical Environment
Microphone Accessories
Frequency Weighting
Sound Level Meters
Calibration
Integrating Sound Level Meters
Noise Dosimeters
Frequency Analyzers
Amplitude Distribution Analyzers
Related Vibration Measurements
References
5. Vibration Analysis and Instrumentation
Instrumentation
Vibration Meters
Vibration Analyzers
Vibration Signature Analysis
Data at Startup
Vibration Severity Measured in Velocity
Strobe Light Analysis
The ""Big Four"" Sources of Vibration
Conclusion
Reference
Bibliography
6. Measurement Techniques for Sound Level Meters
Noise Level and Frequency
The Sound Level Meter
Weighting
Precision
Calibration
Human Response
Defining the Measurement Problem
Determination of Percent-Exceeded Noise Levels
Determination of Equivalent Sound Level
Long-Term Average
OSHA Criteria
References
7. Audiometry
Characteristics of Sound
The Human Ear: Physiology
Hearing Disorders
Assessment of Hearing Impairment
Automatic Recording Audiometers
The Audiogram
Audiometric Booths
Audiometer Calibration
Abbreviations
References
Bibliography
8. Analysis of Valve and Piping Noise
Cavitation
Cavitation in Liquid Systems
Water Hammer
Mechanical Vibration
Fluid Noise
Control Valve Noise Prediction: Compressible Fluids
Noise Attenuation
Cover Materials
Double Reducing Station
Valve/Piping Design Considerations
9. Fan Noise Control
Types of Fans
Noise Source
Relocation of Equipment
Fan Modification
Isolators
Mufflers
Fan Location
Balancing
Maintenance
Summary and Conclusions
References
Bibliography
Glossary
Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 203
- Language: English
- Copyright: © William Andrew 1996
- Published: December 31, 1996
- Imprint: William Andrew
- eBook ISBN: 9780815518440
About the Author
Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff
Affiliations and Expertise
United States Agency for International Development