New and Future Developments in Catalysis

New and Future Developments in Catalysis is a package of seven books that compile the latest ideas concerning alternate and renewable energy sources and the role that catalysis plays in converting new renewable feedstock into biofuels and biochemicals. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and catalytic processes will be discussed in a unified and comprehensive approach. There will be extensive cross-referencing within all volumes.

The various sources of environmental pollution are the theme of this volume. The volume lists all current environmentally friendly catalytic chemical processes used for environmental remediation and critically compares their economic viability.

• Offers in-depth coverage of all catalytic topics of current interest and outlines future challenges and research areas
• A clear and visual description of all parameters and conditions, enabling the reader to draw conclusions for a particular case
• Outlines the catalytic processes applicable to energy generation and design of green processes

Chemists, chemical engineers, and biochemical engineers working in academic and government research; academics, research students, post graduate and graduate students in these areas of study; materials scientists, environmental engineers, biochemists, petroleum engineers, post graduate and research students in these areas

Introduction

Contributors

Chapter 1. Photocatalysts for Elimination of Toxins on Surfaces and in Air Using UV and Visible Light

Acknowledgments

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Titanium Dioxide-Based Photocatalysis

1.3 Photocatalytic Mineralization of Organic Pollutants with Titania-Based Mixed Oxide Supports

1.4 Silica-Based Photocatalysis

References

Chapter 2. Cleaner, Greener Approaches to Synthetic Chemistry

Acknowledgments

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Principles of Green Chemistry

2.3 Addressing the Need to Heat

2.4 Addressing the Choice of Solvent

2.5 Addressing the Need for Less Toxic Reagents

2.6 Addressing the need to Monitor

2.7 Summary

References

Chapter 3. Green Synthesis of Iron Nanomaterials for Oxidative Catalysis of Organic Environmental Pollutants

Acknowledgment

3.1 Synthesis

3.2 Characterization

3.3 Applications

3.4 Conclusions and Future Directions

References

Chapter 4. Catalysts for Environmental Remediation—Examples in Photo- and Heterogeneous Catalysis

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Examples in Heterogeneous Catalysis

4.3 Examples in Photocatalysis

4.4 Conclusions

References

Chapter 5. Catalytic Processes for the Production of Clean Fuels

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Syngas-Based Fuels

5.3 Biofuels

5.4 Conclusions

References

Chapter 6. Advances in Sorbents and Photocatalytic Materials for Water Remediation

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Zeolites as Sorbents

6.3 Photocatalysis

6.4 Conclusion

References

Chapter 7. Abatement of NOx and N2O Using Zeolite Catalysts

Acknowledgments

7.1 Introduction

7.2 H-Zeolites

7.3 Metallo-Zeolites

7.4 Bimetallic and Polymetallic Zeolites

7.5 Conclusions

References

Chapter 8. The Convergence of Emission Control and Source of Clean Energy

Acknowledgment

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Controlling Emissions from Mobile Sources

8.3 Emission Control from Stationary Sources

8.4 Biomass to Fuel: A Path to Environmental and Energy Sustainability

8.5 Conclusions

References

Chapter 9. Structured Catalysts for Volatile Organic Compound Removal

9.1 Structured Catalysts and Reactors

9.2 Application to VOCs Elimination—Powder Catalysts

9.2.1 OVOC

9.2.2 Hydrocarbons (HVOC)

9.2.3 Mixtures of VOCs

9.3 Structured Catalyst

9.4 Where the Future is?

References

Chapter 10. Engineering Aspects of Catalytic Converters Designs for Cleaning of Exhaust Gases

Acknowledgments

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Overview of Processes and Reactors

10.3 Physical Properties of Solid Catalysts

10.4 Reaction and Diffusion in Porous Catalysts: Effectiveness Factor

10.5 Model of the Tubular Reactor

10.6 Permissible Simplifications of the Model

10.7 Flow Resistance, Heat, and Mass Transfer Characteristics of Catalytic Reactors

10.8 Prospective Catalytic Reactors

References

Chapter 11. Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis for Automotive Post-Treatment and Air Cleaning

11.1 Concept and Physicochemical Origins

11.2 Challenges of Automotive Post-Treatment and Air Cleaning

11.3 EPOC for Automotive Post-Treatment

11.4 EPOC for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Oxidation

11.5 Conclusions

References

Chapter 12. Sources of Environmental Pollution: Persistent Organic Pollutants

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Sources and Environmental Fate

12.3 Analytical Techniques for POPs

12.4 Toxicity Assessment

12.5 Conclusions

Abbreviations

References

Chapter 13. Direct Catalytic Decomposition of N2O over Cu- and Fe-Zeolites

Acknowledgments

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Loading of Copper and Iron in the Zeolites

13.3 Activation

13.4 Direct Catalytic Decomposition of N2O

13.5 Conclusions

References

Chapter 14. Exploring Flavin as Catalyst for the Remediation of Halogenated Compounds

Acknowledgments

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Halogenated Organic Compounds (HOCs)

14.3 Flavins

14.4 Bioremediation of HOCs with Flavin Monooxygenases (FMOs)

14.5 Chemremediation of HOCs with Synthetic Flavins

14.6 Summary and Future Prospects

References

Chapter 15. NOx Removal Using Novel Catalytic Methods

15.1 Environmental Issues in Nitrogen Circulation

15.2 Recent Situation on the NOx Removal

15.3 Conclusion

References

Chapter 16. Advances in Catalyst and Process Design for Air Pollutants Abatement

Acknowledgments

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Sources of Gaseous Pollutants

16.3 Catalysts for Pollutants Abatement

16.4 Catalytic Processes for Air Pollutants Abatement

16.5 Perspectives

References

Chapter 17. Current Heterogeneous Catalytic Processes for Environmental Remediation of Air, Water, and Soil

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Catalytic Purification of Gases

17.3 Advanced Oxidative Processes for the Purification of Water

17.4 Recovery of Precious Metals

17.5 Conclusions

References

Chapter 18. Carbon Dioxide, Chemical Valorization, and Mitigation in the Refinery

18.1 Introduction

18.2 CO2 and CO Production Based on an Integrated Hydrocarbon-Bio-Oil Co-Process into Fcc Process

18.3 Chemical Valorization of CO and CO2

18.4 Outlook

References

Chapter 19. Asymmetric Organocatalysis for the Construction of Quaternary Carbon Stereogenic Centers

Acknowledgments

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Michael and Related Conjugate Addition Reactions

19.3 Robinson-Type Annulation

19.4 Aldol and Mannich Reactions

19.5 Alkylation

19.6 Domino or Cascade Reactions

19.7 Diels-Alder and Related Cycloaddition

19.8 Miscellaneous Reactions

19.9 Conclusions

References

Index