Neurologic Aspects of Systemic Disease, Part I

Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series
Foreword
Preface
Contributors
SECTION 1: Neurologic aspects of cardiovascular disease
Chapter 1: Cardiovascular manifestations of neurologic disease
Abstract

Cardiology in vascular and intensive care neurology

Cardiology of paroxysmal neurologic events

Cardiology of movement disorders and neurodegenerative diseases

Neuromuscular disorders with cardiac manifestations

Conclusion

Chapter 2: Sudden cardiac death
Abstract

Introduction

History

Definition

Pathophysiology and histopathology

Precipitants

Clinical manifestations

Specific clinical scenarios

Potential preventive strategies

Chapter 3: Neurologic complications of cardiac arrest
Abstract

Neurologic complications of cardiac arrest

Epidemiology of cardiac arrest

Treatment of cardiac arrest

Prognosis

Long-term complications of cardiac arrest

Conclusion

Chapter 4: Neurologic complications of cardiac tests and procedures
Abstract

History

Clinical manifestations of neurologic complications of cardiac tests and procedures

Laboratory investigations

Management of acute stroke in the cardiac intensive care unit

Conclusions, future directions

Chapter 5: Neurologic complications of congenital heart disease and its treatment
Abstract

History of congenital heart disease

Incidence of congenital heart disease

Signs and symptoms of congenital heart disease

Cerebrovascular complications of congenital heart disease

Infective embolism from congenital heart disease

Cognitive disturbances with congenital cardiac disease

Brain anomalies with congenital heart disease

Cerebral aneurysm and aortic coarctation

Complications of management

Laboratory investigations

Management

Conclusion

Chapter 6: Neurologic complications of valvular heart disease
Abstract

Introduction

Rheumatic valvular heart disease

Calcific valve disease

Mitral valve prolapse

Prosthetic heart valves

Anticoagulation and its complications

Infective endocarditis

Noninfective endocarditis

Chapter 7: Infective endocarditis
Abstract

Definition

Classification

Historical aspects

Epidemiology

Pathophysiology

Clinical aspects

Diagnosis

Prognosis

Prevention

Treatment

Conclusions

Chapter 8: Neurologic complications of myocardial infarction
Abstract

History

Epidemiology

Risk factors

Etiology

Clinical findings, clinical presentation, and diagnostic criteria

Laboratory investigations

Neuroimaging investigations

Pathology

Management

Prevention

Prognosis

Conclusion and future directions

Chapter 9: Neurologic complications of cardiomyopathies and other myocardial disorders
Abstract

Introduction

Patent foramen ovale

Left ventricular dysfunction

Takotsubo stress cardiomyopathy

Atrial fibrillation

Risk stratification schemes

Bleeding risk: warfarin usage in patients with atrial fibrillation

Genetics

Mitochondrial dysfunction

Summary

Chapter 10: Neurologic complications of arrhythmia treatment
Abstract

Direct neurologic complications of arrhythmia

Neurologic complications of arrhythmia treatment: cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Neurologic complications of arrhythmia treatment: drugs

Neurologic complications of arrhythmia treatment: cardiology procedures

Neurologic complications of arrhythmia treatment: cardiovascular surgery

Conclusion

Chapter 11: Neurologic complications of catheter ablation/defibrillators/pacemakers
Abstract

Introduction

History

Clinical history

Natural history

Laboratory investigations

Neuroimaging investigations

Genetics

Pathology

Management

Neurologic complications associated with pacemakers and defibrillators

Conclusion

Chapter 12: Hypertension and hypertensive encephalopathy
Abstract

History and terminology

Clinical findings

Natural history

Laboratory investigations

Neuroimaging investigations

Genetics

Pathology

Management

Conclusions

Chapter 13: Transient loss of consciousness and syncope
Abstract

Introduction: definitions, nomenclature, and classification

Epidemiology of transient loss of consciousness/syncope

Causes of transient loss of consciousness

Differential diagnosis of transient loss of consciousness

Diagnostic workup of transient loss of consciousness

Treatment of transient loss of consciousness

Acknowledgments

Chapter 14: Neurologic complications of cardiac surgery and interventional cardiology
Abstract

Introduction

History

Clinical findings

Pathology

Natural history

Laboratory and neuroimaging investigations

Management

Conclusions

Chapter 15: Neurologic complications of cardiac tumors
Abstract

Introduction

The clinical triad

Specific cardiac tumors

Diagnosis

Treatment and prognosis

Chapter 16: Neurologic complications of aortic diseases and aortic surgery
Abstract

Introduction

Spinal cord blood supply

Neurologic complications of aortic diseases

Neurologic complications with aortic surgery

Conclusion

SECTION 2: Neurologic aspects of pulmonary diseases
Chapter 17: Breathing and the nervous system
Abstract

Introduction

Neuroanatomy of respiratory control

Physiologic control of breathing and rhythm generation

Neurochemical control of breathing

Neurologic conditions affecting breathing

Clinical manifestations of central and peripheral nervous system conditions

Chapter 18: Obstructive sleep apnea and other sleep-related syndromes
Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea

Central sleep apnea and hypoventilation syndromes

Acknowledgements

Chapter 19: Acute and chronic respiratory failure
Abstract

Introduction

General approach to diagnosis

Specific diseases

General principles of management in respiratory failure

Management of oropharyngeal and tracheobronchial secretions

Management of respiratory failure in patients with neuromuscular disease

Conclusions

Chapter 20: Venous thromboembolism in neurologic disease
Abstract

Introduction

Epidemiology (with specific focus on neurologic disease)

General principles

Conclusions

Abbreviations

Chapter 21: Neurologic manifestations of sarcoidosis
Abstract

History

Clinical Findings

Clinical Course

Investigations

Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Genetics

Pathology

Management

Conclusions

Chapter 22: Neurologic complications of lung cancer
Abstract

Introduction

Lung Cancer Metastases

Paraneoplastic Disorders

SECTION 3: Neurologic aspects of renal diseases
Chapter 23: Neurologic complications of electrolyte disturbances and acid–base balance
Abstract

Introduction

Hyponatremia

Hypernatremia

Hypokalemia

Hyperkalemia

Acid–Base Disorders

Other Electrolytic Disturbances

Chapter 24: Neurologic complications of acute and chronic renal disease
Abstract

Introduction

Central nervous system complications

Central nervous system syndromes associated with renal replacement therapy

Peripheral nervous system disorders

Chapter 25: Nervous system disorders in dialysis patients
Abstract

Introduction

Central nervous system complications

Peripheral nervous system complications

Conclusion

Chapter 26: Nephrotic syndrome
Abstract

Background

Pathophysiology of neurologic sequelae

Neurologic manifestations

Diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of neurologic aspects

Conclusion

Chapter 27: Use of antiepileptic drugs in hepatic and renal disease
Abstract

Introduction

Individual antiepileptic drugs

Conclusions

SECTION 4: Neurologic aspects of rheumatologic/musculoskeletal diseases
Chapter 28: Neurologic complications of craniovertebral dislocation
Abstract

Introduction

Historical background

Anatomic concepts

Clinical features of craniovertebral subluxation

Neuroimaging

Craniovertebral subluxations associated with neurologic complications

Acknowledgments

Chapter 29: Rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, and relapsing polychondritis
Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis

Inflammatory spondyloarthropathies

Relapsing polychondritis

Chapter 30: Connective tissue disorders: systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome, and scleroderma
Abstract

Introduction

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)

Sjögren's syndrome

Chapter 31: Cerebral vasculitis
Abstract

Introduction and general comments

Cerebral vasculitis of infectious origin

Noninfectious, inlammatory, giant cell, or nectrotizing vasculitis

Chapter 32: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Abstract

History (including classification)

Epidemiology

Etiopathogenesis

Clinical features

Natural history

Laboratory investigations

Neuroimaging investigations

Management

Future therapeutic prospects

Chapter 33: Fibromyalgia
Abstract

History

Clinical findings

Natural history

Laboratory investigations

Neuroimaging investigations

Genetic influences

Pathophysiology

Management

Conclusions

Chapter 34: Paget’s disease of bone
Abstract

History

Clinical findings

Natural history

Laboratory investigations

Neuroimaging investigations

Genetics

Pathology

Management

Conclusions

Chapter 35: Spinal stenosis
Abstract

Definition of spinal stenosis

History

Classification

Epidemiology

Pathophysiology

Diagnosis

Management

Outcome

Conclusions

Chapter 36: Neurologic manifestations of achondroplasia
Abstract

Introduction

Complications associated with achondroplasia

Homozygous achondroplasia

Management of achondroplasia

Acknowledgments

Chapter 37: Neurologic manifestations of inherited disorders of connective tissue
Abstract

Introduction

Neurologic manifestations of the most common inherited disorders of connective tissue

Conclusions

Chapter 38: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs exposure and the central nervous system
Abstract

Introduction

Aseptic meningitis

NSAIDs and the risk of stroke

NSAIDs and neuronal degeneration

Medication overuse headache

Reye's syndrome

Other NSAID adverse effects

Overdose and intoxication

Summary

Index