Movement Disorders in Childhood

3rd Edition - July 12, 2022
Authors: Harvey S. Singer, Jonathan W. Mink, Donald L. Gilbert, Joseph Jankovic
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 0 5 5 2 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 0 0 7 - 2

Movement Disorders in Childhood, Third Edition provides the most up-to-date information on the diseases and disorders that affect motor control, an important area of specializ… Read more

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Movement Disorders in Childhood, Third Edition provides the most up-to-date information on the diseases and disorders that affect motor control, an important area of specialization within child neurology. In this new edition, each chapter has been fully revised to include all of the latest scientific and therapeutic advances. Updates include new insights in motor development, control, goal-directed and habitual behaviors, classifications of movements and their complex and integrated circuitry. The authors also discuss developments in pathophysiologic mechanisms, immunology and metabolic disorders. New chapters include coverage of genetics of movement disorders and movement disorders in psychiatric conditions.

Appendices include an updated and revised drug index and genetic search strategy.

An updated Companion website hosts selected educational videos to help diagnose movement disorders.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Companion Website
Copyright
Preface
Section I. Overview
Chapter 1. Basal Ganglia Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology
Introduction
Basal Ganglia Circuits, Cell Types, and Compartments
Neurotransmitters
Other Basal Ganglia Nuclei
Inhibiting and Disinhibiting Motor Patterns
Implications for Disease: Focal Lesions and Abnormal Movements
Chapter 2. Cerebellar Anatomy, Biochemistry, Physiology, and Plasticity
Introduction and Overview
Overview of Cerebellar Structure, Function, and Symptom Localization
Cerebellar Integration with Basal Ganglia Circuits
Neurotransmitters in the Cerebellum
Neuroplasticity in the Cerebellum
Conclusion
Chapter 3. Classification of Movement Disorders
Introduction
Ataxia (Chapter 14)
Athetosis (Chapter 10)
Ballismus (Chapter 10)
Chorea (Chapter 10)
Dystonia (Chapter 11)
Myoclonus (Chapter 12)
Parkinsonism (Chapter 15)
Startle (Chapter 12)
Stereotypies (Chapter 8)
Tics (Chapter 7)
Tremor (Chapter 13)
Mixed Movement Disorders
Atypical Movement Disorders
Chapter 4. Diagnostic Evaluation of Children With Movement Disorders
Introduction
Preclinic
In Clinic
The Diagnosis
Summary
Chapter 5. Motor Assessments
Introduction
Quantitative Measurement in Movement Disorders
Rating Scales for Pediatric Movement Disorders
Section II. Developmental Movement Disorders
Chapter 6. Transient and Developmental Movement Disorders
Introduction
Section III. Paroxysmal Movement Disorders
Chapter 7. Tics and Tourette Syndrome
Introduction
Definition of Tics
Clinical Characteristics—Phenomenology and Classification of Tics
Localization and Pathophysiology
Specific Tic Disorder Diagnoses
Treatment
Chapter 8. Motor Stereotypies
Introduction and Overview
Definitions
Clinical Characteristics, Classifications, and Differentiation
Pathophysiology
Major Diseases and Disorders
Stereotypy Rating Scales
Treatment
Chapter 9. Paroxysmal Dyskinesias
Introduction and Overview
Clinical Characteristics
Diseases and Disorders
Section IV. Hyperkinetic and Hypokinetic Movement Disorders
Chapter 10. Chorea, Athetosis, and Ballism
Introduction and Overview
Definitions of Chorea, Athetosis, and Ballism
Clinical Characteristics—Phenomenology of Chorea, Athetosis, and Ballism in Children
Localization and Pathophysiology
Diseases and Disorders
Summary of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach
Chapter 11. Dystonia
Introduction and Overview
Classification of Dystonias
Localization and Pathophysiology
Diseases and Disorders
Diagnostic Approach to Dystonia
Management and Treatment
Patient and Family Resources
Chapter 12. Myoclonus
Introduction and Overview
Definition of Myoclonus
Clinical Characteristics—Phenomenology of Myoclonus in Children
Localization and Neurophysiology
Diseases and Disorders
Summary of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach
Chapter 13. Tremor
Introduction and Overview
Definition of Tremor
Clinical Characteristics—Phenomenology and Classification of Tremor in Children
Localization and Pathophysiology
Diseases and Disorders
Approach to Diagnosis and Management
Chapter 14. Ataxia
Introduction and Overview
Definition of Ataxia
Clinical Characteristics—Phenomenology of Ataxia in Children
Localization and Pathophysiology
Diseases and Disorders
Approach to Diagnosis and Management
Chapter 15. Parkinsonism
Introduction and Overview
Clinical Features of Parkinsonism
Pathophysiogy of Parkinsonism
Diseases and Disorders
Treatment of Parkinsonism
Chapter 16. Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
Introduction and Overview
Definitions of Spasticity and Hypertonia
Clinical Characteristics—Phenomenology of Spastic Paraplegia in Children
Localization and Pathophysiology
Diseases and Disorders
Approach to Diagnosis and Management
Summary
Section V. Selected Secondary Movement Disorders
Chapter 17. Metabolic Disorders With Associated Movement Abnormalities
Pediatric Neurotransmitter Disorders
Storage Disorders
Leukodystrophies
Aminoacidemias
Organic Acidemias
Glycolysis, Pyruvate Metabolism, and Krebs Cycle Disorders
Mitochondrial Disorders
Purine Metabolism Disorders
Creatine Metabolism Disorders
Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation
Cofactor, Mineral, and Vitamin Disorders
Neuroacanthocytosis Syndromes
Other Metabolic Conditions
Chapter 18. Movement Disorders in Autoimmune Diseases
Introduction
Immunology Overview
Diseases and Disorders
Chapter 19. Movement Disorders in Sleep
Introduction
Overview of Sleep Physiology
Sleep-Related Movement Disorders
Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders that Are Present During the Daytime and Persist During Sleep
Seizures in and Around the Time of Sleep
Chapter 20. Cerebral Palsy
Introduction
Epidemiology
Etiology
Diagnosis
History and Physical Examination
Assessment Scales
Clues for Determining the Motor CP Type
Cerebral Palsy Syndromes
Management
Chapter 21. Movement Disorders and Neuropsychiatric Conditions
Introduction and Overview
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Conclusions
Chapter 22. Drug-Induced Movement Disorders in Children
Introduction and Overview
Definition of Drug-Induced Movement Disorders
Clinical Characteristics—Phenomenology of Drug-Induced Movement Disorders in Children
Drug-Induced Movement Disorders
Conclusion
Chapter 23. Functional Movement Disorders
Introductions
Epidemiology
Clinical Features of Functional Movement Disorders
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Conclusion
Appendix A. Drug Appendix
Appendix B. Search Strategy for Genetic Movement Disorders
Index

Harvey S. Singer

Harvey S. Singer MD is currently Professor Emeritus at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and active faculty member at the Kennedy Krieger Institute. He grew up in the Bronx and Long Island, went to college and medical school in Ohio (Oberlin College and Western Reserve Univ.), did his pediatric training in Chicago and Cleveland, and his pediatric neurology residency at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. After completing his training, Dr Singer remained on the active faculty at Hopkins for 45 years. He was Director of Pediatric Neurology from 1991 – 2011. He was the first recipient (2013) of the Child Neurology Society’s Blue Bird Circle Training Program Director Award and a Hower Award lecturer (2016). His clinical research interests include movement disorders, especially Tourette syndrome, stereotypic movements, and proposed autoimmune disorders. His translational research-oriented laboratory focuses on the neurobiology of stereotypic movements and tics. He has been the recipient of federal and private grants, authored numerous original articles, chapters, and three books. He enjoys biking, travel, visiting his five grandchildren, and work.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor Emeritus, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, and the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States

Jonathan W. Mink

Jonathan W. Mink, MD PhD is the Frederick A. Horner, MD Distinguished Professor in Pediatric Neurology at the University of Rochester, where is also Professor of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics. He is currently Chief of the Child Neurology Division and Vice Chair of the Department of Neurology at the University of Rochester. He graduated from the Medical Scientist Training Program at Washington University and then completed residency training in Child Neurology at St. Louis Children’s Hospital. He completed a fellowship in Movement Disorders at Washington University and remained on the faculty there until moving to his current position at the University of Rochester in 2001. His research interests include basal ganglia mechanisms in movement disorders, experimental therapeutics in pediatric movement disorders, and multiple avenues of investigation in the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (Batten diseases). He is a former member of the NINDS Advisory Council and the FDA Pediatric Advisory Committee. He has served as President of the Child Neurology Society. He has received numerous award in recognition of his contributions including the Derek Denny-Brown Award from the American Neurological Association, the Oliver Sacks Award from the Tourette Association of America, and the Hower Award from the Child Neurology Society.

Affiliations and expertise

Frederick A. Horner, MD Distinguished Professor in Pediatric Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Rochester, NY, United States

Donald L. Gilbert

Donald L. Gilbert, MD, earned his Bachelor of Arts at Princeton University, where he majored in philosophy. He subsequently earned his MD at the University of Michigan and spent a year at the National Institutes of Health as a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Scholar. Dr. Gilbert trained in pediatrics and pediatric neurology at Johns Hopkins in Baltimore and is board certified in neurology with special competence in child neurology. Dr. Gilbert has an MS in clinical research design and statistical analysis from the University of Michigan.

At Cincinnati Children's, Dr. Gilbert directs the Movement Disorders and Tourette Syndrome Clinics, which specializes in evaluation and pharmacologic treatment of tics, tremor, chorea, ataxia, dystonia, stereotypies, drug-induced movement disorders, paroxysmal movement disorders, and functional movement disorders https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/m/movement. Dr. Gilbert directs or participates in a number of single and multi-center studies into causes and treatments of Tourette syndrome and pediatric movement disorders. Dr. Gilbert also studies physiological mechanisms of motor control in Tourette Syndrome and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in childhood at the Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Laboratory https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/research/divisions/n/neurology/labs/gilbert-wu at Cincinnati Children's.

Affiliations and expertise

Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati, OH, United States

Joseph Jankovic

Joseph Jankovic, M.D. is Professor of Neurology, Distinguished Chair in Movement Disorders, and Founder and Director of the Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic (PDCMDC), Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. After completing his Neurology training at Columbia University, New York City, he joined the faculty of Baylor College of Medicine in 1977. Since that time he has led clinical team that focuses on the most compassionate and expert care and research on etiology, pathophysiology, and experimental therapeutics of Parkinson’s disease and related neurodegenerative and movement disorders such as tremors, dystonia, Tourette syndrome, Huntington disease, restless legs syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, and paroxysmal dyskinesias. Under the direction of Dr. Jankovic the PDCMDC has been recognized as "Center of Excellence" by the Parkinson’s Foundation, the Huntington Disease Society of America, the Tourette Association of America, and the Wilson Disease Association. Past president of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society and of the International Neurotoxin Association, Dr. Jankovic is the recipient of many awards including the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Movement Disorders Research Award, First National Parkinson Foundation Distinguished Service Award, Huntington’s Disease Society of America Guthrie Family Humanitarian Award, Tourette Syndrome Association Lifetime Achievement Award, Dystonia Medical Research Foundation Distinguished Service Award, Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation Award, and Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Neurotoxin Association, Dr. Jankovic has been recognized as an Honorary Member of the American Neurological Association, Australian Association of Neurologists, French Neurological Society, and the International Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Society. Dr. Jankovic has published over 1,200 original articles and over 55 books, is included among “Highly Cited Researchers”, and has been ranked #1 expert in the world in movement disorders and in botulinum toxins (http://expertscape.com/). He has served as the principal investigator in hundreds of clinical trials and his pioneering research on drugs for parkinsonian disorders and hyperkinetic movement disorders has led to their approval by the Food and Drug Administration. Certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, Dr. Jankovic is a fellow of the AAN and current or past member of many scientific and medical advisory boards and has served on the executive scientific advisory boards of the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research and the National Parkinson Foundation. Dr. Jankovic has mentored numerous fellows and other trainees many of whom have become leaders in the field of neurology and movement disorders. For further information visit www.jankovic.org.

Affiliations and expertise

Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States