Morrey's The Elbow and Its Disorders

5th Edition - May 5, 2017
Authors: Bernard F. Morrey, Joaquin Sanchez Sotelo, Mark E. Morrey
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 3 4 1 6 9 - 1
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 4 9 7 2 8 - 2

Revised to include the most up-to-date surgical techniques and their outcomes, Morrey's The Elbow and Its Disorders, 5th Edition, is an essential reference for today’s orthopae… Read more

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Revised to include the most up-to-date surgical techniques and their outcomes, Morrey's The Elbow and Its Disorders, 5th Edition, is an essential reference for today’s orthopaedic surgeons, appealing both to those in general practice and those with a subspecialty interest in elbow surgery. This edition by Drs. Bernard Morrey, Mark Morrey, and Joaquin Sanchez-Sotelo, provides a practical focus on technique – both in the text and on dozens of high-quality instructional videos produced at the Mayo Clinic. Authoritative guidance from leading experts enables you to provide optimal care to your patients – even those with the most challenging elbow problems.

Cover image
Title Page
Table of Contents
Section Editors
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Video Contents
Part I Fundamentals and General Considerations
1 Phylogeny
Introduction
Evolution of the Vertebrate Elbow
Comparative Primate Anatomy of the Elbow Region
Fossil Evidence
Acknowledgments
References
2 Anatomy of the Elbow Joint
Topical Anatomy and General Survey
Osteology
Elbow Joint Structure
Vessels
Nerves
Muscles
References
3 Biomechanics of the Elbow
Introduction
Kinematics
Elbow Stability
Force Across Elbow Joint
References
4 History and Physical Examination of the Elbow
Introduction
History
Physical Examination
References
5 Functional Evaluation of the Elbow
Introduction
Significance
Elbow Motion
Strength
Stability
Functional Evaluation of the Elbow
References
6 Radiography of the Elbow
Introduction
Radiographic Imaging
Arthrography
References
7 Computed Tomography of the Elbow
Introduction
Technique and Recent Innovations
Computed Tomography of the Elbow: Clinical Applications
References
8 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Elbow
Introduction
Technique
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Elbow: Clinical Applications
References
9 Ultrasound Imaging of the Elbow
Introduction
Technique
Clinical Applications
References
10 Extensile Surgical Exposures
Introduction
Extensile Anterior Lateral Approach of the Humerus
Extensile Posterior Medial Exposure of the Humerus
Posterior Triceps-Splitting Approach
References
11 Surgical Exposures of the Elbow
Introduction
General Principles
Lateral Approaches
Posterior Exposures
Medial Approaches
Anterior Exposures
Results
Complications
References
12 Surgical Exposures of the Forearm
Anterior Exposure of the Radius
Posterior Exposure of the Radius
Exposure of the Ulnar Shaft
References
13 General and Regional Anesthesia and Postoperative Pain Control
Introduction
Intraoperative Anesthetic Management
Postoperative Analgesia
Multimodal Analgesia and Peripheral Blockade
Conventional Analgesic Methods
Continuous Brachial Plexus Analgesia
Intraarticular Catheters
Summary
References
14 Principles of Elbow Rehabilitation
Introduction
Establish a Complete and Accurate Diagnosis
Patient Participation
Reduce Pain and Inflammation
Implement Early Atraumatic Motion
Timing
Restore Regional Neuromuscular Control
Integration Into the Kinetic-Kinematic Chain
Summary
References
15 Continuous Passive Motion
Introduction
Indications
Contraindications
Logistical Considerations
Application
Treatment Program
Complications
Results
References
16 Splints and Bracing of the Elbow
Introduction
Elbow Stiffness
Pathology of Elbow Contracture
Management of Elbow Stiffness With Mobilization Splinting
References
17 Examination Under Anesthesia
Introduction
Indications
Contraindications
Preoperative Planning
Technique
Results
Complications
References
Part II Elbow Arthroscopy
18 General Principles of Elbow Arthroscopy
Introduction
Anatomy
Surgical Indications
Contraindications
Patient History
Pertinent Physical Examination Findings
Pertinent Imaging
General Principles and Equipment to Complete Procedure
Postoperative Protocol
Potential Complications
References
19 Arthroscopic Management of Lateral Epicondylitis
Introduction
Indications
Technique
Conclusions
References
20 Arthroscopic Management of Elbow Plica and Loose Bodies
Introduction
Loose Bodies
Surgical Indications
Surgical Technique
Outcomes
Arthroscopic Synovectomy
Symptomatic Plicae
Surgical Indications
Summary
References
21 Arthroscopy for Arthritis of the Elbow
Introduction
History and Physical Examination
Diagnostic Imaging
Indications for Surgery
Contraindications
Arthroscopic Technique
Steps in the Management of the Arthritic Elbow (Box 21.1)
Summary
References
22 Arthroscopic Management of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Capitellum
Introduction
Natural History
Pathophysiology
Histopathology
Presentation
Physical Exam
Panner's Disease
Imaging
Classification of OCD Lesions
Treatment
Complications
Conclusion
References
23 Complications of Elbow Arthroscopy
Introduction
Information and Clinical Experience
Anatomy
Pathology
Surgical Procedure
Vascular Insult
Incidence
Prevention
References
24 Advanced and Future Trends in Elbow Arthroscopy
Introduction
Arthroscopic Triceps Tendon Repair
Arthroscopic Fracture Repair
Endoscopic Biceps Repair
Lateral Collateral Ligament Repair
Arthroscopic Resurfacing
Arthroscopic Management of the Stiff Elbow
Conclusions
References
Part III The Child and Adolescent Elbow
25 The Pediatric Elbow
Introduction
Anatomy
Imaging
References
26 Congenital Abnormalities of the Elbow
Introduction
Classification and Causes of Congenital Anomalies
Bone and Joint Anomalies
Soft Tissue Anomalies
Combined Bone and Soft Tissue Anomalies
Treatment of Bone and Joint Anomalies
Treatment of Soft Tissue Dysplasias and Combined Bone and Soft Tissue Dysplasias
Complications
Summary
Acknowledgments
References
27 Supracondylar Fractures of the Elbow in Children
Introduction
Incidence and Etiology
Classification
Diagnosis and Radiographic Evaluation
Treatment
Postoperative Care
Complications
Acknowledgment
References
28 Complications of Supracondylar Fractures of the Elbow
Introduction
Neurovascular Problems Associated With Supracondylar Fractures
Ischemic Injuries
Osseous Complications
Indications for Corrective Surgery
References
29 Physeal Fractures of the Elbow
Anatomy and Growth
Epidemiology
Classification
Evaluation
Management
Distal Humerus
Lateral Condyle Fracture
Medial Condyle Fracture
Medial Epicondyle
Lateral Epicondyle
Proximal Radial Physis
Proximal Ulnar Physis
Premature Growth Arrest
Fishtail Deformity
References
30 Proximal Radius Fractures in Children
Introduction
Pathoanatomy and Applied Anatomy Related to Mechanism of Injury
Fracture Classification
Assessment of Injury
Treatment
Operative Treatment
Surgical Procedure
Conclusion
References
31 Olecranon and Monteggia Fractures in Children
Introduction
Monteggia Fractures
Transolecranon Fracture–Dislocations
Olecranon Fractures
Summary
References
32 Pediatric Elbow Dislocations
Introduction
Anatomic Factors Predisposing to Elbow Dislocation in Children
Types of Dislocations of the Radial Head
Treatment of Acute Dislocations
Additional Types of Elbow Dislocations
Complications of Elbow Dislocations
Summary
References
33 Osteochondritis Dissecans
Introduction
Osteochondrosis of the Capitellum (Panner Disease)
Osteochondritis Dissecans
Etiology
Classification
Treatment
Summary
References
34 Elbow Stiffness in Children and Adolescents
Introduction
Etiology
Natural History and Prevention
Clinical History
Physical Exam
Imaging
Nonoperative Treatment
Operative Treatment
Postoperative Rehabilitation
Variables That May Affect Outcomes
References
Part IV Acute Trauma
35 Simple Elbow Dislocation
Introduction
Classification
Pathomechanics
Associated Injuries
Management of the Acute Simple Elbow Dislocation
Complications of Simple Elbow Dislocations
Conclusions
References
36 Complex Elbow Instability
Introduction
Definition
Contribution to Normal Stability
Major Stabilizers of the Elbow Joint
Clinical Management: Principles
Fracture of the Proximal Part of the Ulna
Treatment
References
37 Radial Head Fracture
Introduction
Epidemiology
Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Function of the Radial Head
Associated Injuries
Classification of Fracture
Fracture Management
References
38 Radial Head Fracture
Introduction
Authors' Preferred Treatment
References
39 Prosthetic Radial Head Replacement
Introduction
Indications
Contraindications
Design Considerations
Technique
Aftercare
Technical Notes
Results
Prognostic Factors
Complications
Summary
References
40 Radial Head Fracture
Epidemiology
Failure Mechanisms
Evaluation
Treatment Alternatives
Summary
References
41 Essex-Lopresti Injuries
Introduction
Epidemiology
Anatomy and Biomechanics
Diagnosis
Treatment
Salvage Treatment
Conclusions
References
42 Olecranon Fractures and Monteggia Fractures
Introduction
Anatomic Considerations
Evaluation
Treatment
Preferred Techniques
Monteggia Fractures
References
43 Coronoid Fractures
Introduction
Epidemiology
Classification
Evaluation
Treatment
References
44 Low Transcondylar Fractures of the Distal Humerus
General Considerations
Nonsurgical Treatment
Surgical Treatment
Extraarticular Fractures
References
45 Distal Humerus Fractures
Introduction
Epidemiology
Patient Evaluation
Management Options
Internal Fixation: Surgical Technique
Outcome and Complications
Conclusion
References
46 Distal Humerus Fractures
Introduction
Anatomy
Epidemiology
Injury Mechanism
Function of the Capitellum
Classification
Diagnosis
Treatment
Complications
References
47 Distal Humerus Fractures
Introduction
Surgical Decision Making
Surgical Tactics
Postoperative Management
Complications
Outcomes
References
48 Hinged External Fixators of the Elbow
Introduction
Rationale and Options
Indications
Contraindications
Selection of Fixator Configuration: Basic and Clinical Experience
Technique
Results
Complications
Summary
References
Part V Complications of Trauma and Elbow Stiffness
49 Persistent Elbow Instability
Introduction
Etiology
Treatment
Rehabilitation/Postoperative Care
Complications
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
50 Nonunion and Malunion of Distal Humerus Fractures
Introduction
Distal Humeral Nonunion
Distal Humeral Malunion in the Adult Patient
References
51 Nonunion of the Olecranon and Proximal Ulna
General Considerations
Incidence
Diagnosis
Clinical Presentation
Factors Causing Nonunion
Classification
Treatment Options
Complications of Treatment of Nonunions
Results
Conclusions
References
52 Chronic Unreduced Elbow Dislocation
Introduction
Chronic Unreduced Elbow Joint
Presentation
Surgical Technique
Results
Author's Preference
Conclusions
References
53 Elbow Stiffness
Introduction
Pathology
Pathogenesis
Classification
Presentation
Investigations
Management
Stiffness in the Presence of Instability
Conclusions
References
54 Extrinsic Contracture
Introduction
Etiology and Incidence
Presentation
Diagnosis
Indications
Contraindications
Preoperative Planning
Technique: Column Procedure
Medial Release
Description of Exposure
Closure
Aftercare
Results
Complications
References
55 Elbow Stiffness
Introduction
General Principles
Technical Aspects
Outcome
Summary
References
56 Elbow Stiffness
Introduction
Summary
References
57 Heterotopic Ossification
Introduction
Basic Science and Physiopathology
Heterotopic Ossification Classification
Patient Evaluation
Heterotopic Ossification Treatment
Heterotopic Ossification Prophylaxis
Summary
References
58 Healing and Wound Problems
Introduction
Strategies to Avoid Wound Complications
Diagnosis and Management of Wound Complications
Summary
References
Part VI Sports and Soft Tissue Injuries
59 Lateral Epicondylitis/Tendinosis
Introduction
Indications/Contraindications
Preoperative Planning
Surgery (Lateral Tendinosis)
Postoperative Management
Results
Complications and Surgical Failure
References
60 Percutaneous Ultrasound Tenotomy Treatment of Epicondylitis
Introduction
Rationale
Indications
Contraindications
Preoperative Assessment
Aftercare
Complications
Results
Conclusion
References
61 Medial Epicondylitis/Tendinosis
Introduction
Indications
Contraindications
Presentation and Classification
Preoperative Planning
Surgery
Postoperative Management
Results
Complications and Surgical Failure
References
62 Managing Surgical Failure in Tennis Elbow
Introduction
Patient Evaluation
Classification
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Measures
Treatment
Surgical Treatment
Results
Other Reports
Conclusion
References
63 Elbow Tendinopathies
Introduction
Types
Demographics
Anatomy and Pathoanatomy
Presentation
Management
Acute Partial (Incomplete) Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture
Summary
References
64 Elbow Tendinopathies
Introduction
Presentation
Diagnosis
Imaging Studies
Treatment
Aftercare
Results
References
65 Elbow Tendinopathies
Anatomy of the Triceps Tendon
Triceps Tendon Ruptures
Imaging
Treatment
Surgical Technique
Results
Rehabilitation
Residua and Complications
Triceps Tendon Snapping
References
66 The Thrower's Elbow
Introduction
Pathomechanics
Evaluation
Treatment
Outcomes
References
67 Articular Injuries in the Athlete
Introduction
Anatomy
Diagnosis
Injuries in Adolescence
Injuries in Adults
Rehabilitation
References
68 Medial Collateral Ligament Reconstruction
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Management of MCL Insufficiency
Operative Treatment
Surgical Techniques
Surgical Considerations
Postoperative Rehabilitation
Clinical Outcomes
Summary
References
69 Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction
Introduction
Examination
Treatment
Revision Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Outcomes
Conclusion
References
70 Medial Collateral Ligament Reconstruction
Introduction
Rationale
Diagnosis
Technique
Aftercare
Results
References
71 Lateral Collateral Ligament Insufficiency
Introduction
Basic Science
Etiology
Diagnosis
Imaging Studies
Treatment
Revision Reconstruction of the Lateral Collateral Ligament Complex
Summary
References
72 Nerve Entrapment Syndromes
Introduction
Neurophysiology of Nerve Compression Lesions
References
73 Atypical Pain Presentation in the Elbow
Introduction
Understanding Mechanisms of Pain
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Conclusion
References
74 Bursitis
Introduction
Anatomy
Deep Bursae
Superficial Bursae
Olecranon Bursitis
Clinical Presentation
Treatment
Acute Bursitis
Chronic Bursitis
Operative Intervention
Reconstructive Options
Results
Complications
References
Part VII Pathologic Conditions of the Elbow
75 Posttraumatic Elbow Osteoarthritis
Introduction
Patient Evaluation: History and Physical Examination
Imaging and Other Complementary Tests
Treatment
Summary
References
76 Primary Osteoarthritis of the Elbow
Introduction
Incidence and Etiology
Clinical Presentation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Results
Mayo Experience: Most Recent Experience
Extended Débridement
Prosthetic Replacement
References
77 Rheumatoid Arthritis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Extraarticular Manifestations
Laboratory Studies
Management and Complications
References
78 Seronegative Inflammatory Arthritis
Introduction
Spondyloarthropathies
Crystalline Arthropathies
Adult Still Disease
References
79 Hematologic Arthritis
Introduction
Hemophilic Arthropathy
Sickle Cell Disease
Leukemia and Other Myeloproliferative Disorders
References
80 Septic Arthritis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Bacteriology
Clinical Presentation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
References
81 Neoplasms of the Elbow
Introduction and Relevance
Clinical Presentation
Preoperative Evaluation
Biopsy
Staging
Prosthetic Replacement
Bone Tumors
Soft Tissue Tumors
References
82 Neuropathic Arthropathy
Introduction
Pathogenesis
Associated Conditions
Evaluation and Treatment
References
83 Elbow Pathology From Metabolic Disease
Introduction
Rickets
Osteomalacia
Tumoral Calcinosis
Hyperparathyroidism
Acromegaly
Wilson Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration)
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II (Familial Essential Hypercholesterolemia)
Osteoporosis
Steroid-Induced Avascular Necrosis
References
84 Loose Bodies and Ossification Centers About the Elbow
Introduction
Accessory Ossification
Medial Epicondyle Accessory Ossicle
Patella Cubiti
Os Supratrochleare Dorsale
Etiology
Diagnosis
Osteochondral Fracture
Loose Bodies of Degenerative Origin
Treatment
Synovial Chondromatosis
Treatment
References
Part VIII Joint Replacement Arthroplasty
Section A Fundamentals
85 Elbow Arthroplasty
Introduction
Initial Efforts: Before 1950
Subsequent Efforts: 1950 to 1970
The Modern Era of Prosthetic Replacement: Early Period, 1970 to 1980
The Modern Era of Prosthetic Replacement: Intermediate Period, 1980 to 2000
The Modern Era: 2000 to the Present
References
86 Biomechanics of Joint Reconstruction
Introduction
Motion
Constraints
Joint Forces
Design Considerations
References
87 Radiocapitellar Prosthetic Arthroplasty for Isolated Radiocapitellar Arthritis
Introduction
Presentation
Imaging
Indications and Contraindications
Radiocapitellar Replacement
Results
Complications
Conclusion
References
88 Distal Humeral Hemiarthroplasty
Introduction
Indications
Contraindications
Implants
Alternative Treatments
Results
Preoperative Planning
Surgical Technique
Nonacute Pathology
Postoperative Management
Outcome Assessment
Complications and Troubleshooting
Conclusion
References
89 Unlinked and Convertible Arthroplasty
Introduction
Design Considerations
Indications
Contraindications
Surgical Considerations of Unlinked Designs
Surgical Considerations of Convertible Designs
Surgical Technique
Rehabilitation
Complications
Results
References
90 Linked Elbow Arthroplasty
Introduction
The Semiconstrained Linked Implants
The “Next Elbow”: the Nexel Device
References
Section B Technique and Outcome by Indication and Diagnosis
91 Elbow Arthroplasty in Inflammatory Arthritis
Introduction
Evaluation of the Rheumatoid Elbow
Elbow Arthroplasty in Inflammatory Arthritis
Elbow Arthroplasty in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Summary
References
92 Distal Humeral Fractures
Introduction
Nonsurgical Management
Fracture Fixation
Acute Total Elbow Arthroplasty
Surgical Technique
Summary
References
93 Total Elbow Arthroplasty for Distal Humeral Nonunion
Introduction
Rationale, Indications, and Contraindications
Surgical Technique
Postoperative Management
Outcome
Summary
References
94 Posttraumatic Arthrosis
Introduction
Indications
Contraindications
Special Considerations in Posttraumatic Arthritis
Semiconstrained Total Elbow Arthroplasty for Posttraumatic Arthritis
Conclusion
References
95 Total Elbow Arthroplasty for Primary Osteoarthritis
Introduction
Indications
Technical Considerations
Implant Selection
Technique
Aftercare
Results
Complications
Conclusion
References
96 Failed Interposition Arthroplasty of the Elbow
Introduction
Failure Modes
Options and Indications
Contraindications
Preoperative Assessment
Surgical Technique
Results
Conclusion
References
97 Dysfunctional Instability
Introduction
Preoperative Evaluation
Nonoperative Treatment
Surgical Indications
Contraindications
Surgical Technique
Postoperative Management
Outcomes
Complications
Conclusions
References
98 The Fused Elbow
Introduction
Indications and Patient Selection
Contraindications
Preoperative Assessment
Radiographic Evaluation
Surgical Technique
Postoperative Care
Results
Complications
Conclusion
References
Part IX Complications and Salvage of Failed Arthroplasty
99 Complications of Elbow Replacement Arthroplasty
Introduction
Complications Not Usually Requiring Surgery
Complications Requiring Reoperation
References
100 Diagnosis of Deep Infection After Elbow Arthroplasty
Introduction
Etiology and Incidence
Clinical Evaluation and History
Imaging
Laboratory Tests
Intraoperative Histology and Culture
Advanced Diagnostic Methods
Authors' Preferred Algorithm
Summary
References
101 Treatment of the Infected Total Elbow Arthroplasty
Introduction
Etiology and Incidence
Prevention of Infection
Patient Profile
Duration of Symptoms
Fixation of Components
Bacteriology
Treatment Options
Complications
Conclusion
References
102 Triceps Insufficiency Following Total Elbow Arthroplasty
Introduction
Presentation and Symptoms
Pathology
Management
Achilles Tendon Reconstruction
References
103 Periprosthetic Elbow Fractures
Introduction
Prevalence and Risk Factors
Mechanism of Injury
Classification
Evaluation
Staged Revision
Treatment and Surgical Technique
Postoperative Care
Outcome and Complications
Prevention
References
104 Isolated Polyethylene Wear and Elbow Replacement
Introduction
Clinical and Radiological Features
Indications for Treatment
Treatment
Results
Conclusions
References
105 Instability After Unlinked Total Elbow Arthroplasty
Introduction
Classification of Total Elbow Arthroplasty Instability
Etiology
Evaluation
Treatment
Conclusions
References
106 Revision of Nonseptic Failed Total Elbow Arthroplasty With Osseous Integrity
Introduction
Classification of Failure
Circumstances Allowing Reimplantation
Indications and Presentation
Reimplantation Procedures
Summary
References
107 Revision Total Elbow Arthroplasty With Strut Augmentation
Rationale
Indications
Surgical Technique
Outcome
Summary
References
108 Revision of Failed Total Elbow Arthroplasty With Osseous Deficiency
Introduction
Choice of Impaction Grafting vs. Type I APC
Impaction Grafting
References
109 Revision of Failed Total Elbow Arthroplasty With Osseous Deficiency
Introduction
Rationale and Perspective
Additional Considerations
Essential Technical Concepts
Mayo Classification of APC Elbow Reconstruction
Postoperative Management
Results
Mayo Experience
Total Humeral Replacement
References
Part X Nonprosthetic Alternatives and Salvage Procedures
110 Synovectomy of the Elbow
Introduction
Indications and Patient Selection
Contraindications
Techniques
Nonsurgical Synovectomy
Surgical Synovectomy
Osseous and Capsular Débridement
Summary
References
111 Ulnohumeral Arthroplasty
Introduction
Incidence and Etiology
Clinical Presentation
Radiographic Features
Treatment
Results
Mayo Experience: Ulnohumeral Arthroplasty
Prosthetic Replacement
References
112 Osteochondral Allograft Reconstruction
Introduction
Allograft Replacement
Results
Summary
References
113 Anconeus Interposition Arthroplasty
Introduction
Anatomy
Indications
Surgical Technique
Postoperative Care
Outcomes
References
114 Interposition Arthroplasty of the Elbow
Introduction
Historical Aspects
Interposed Tissues
Indications
Contraindications
Preferred Tissue
Preferred Technique: Achilles Tendon Allograft
Cutis Arthroplasty
Results
Complications
Salvaging the Salvage
Conclusion
References
115 Elbow Arthrodesis
Introduction/Indications
Position
Military/Combat Injuries
Techniques
Postoperative Management
Results
Complications
Conversion to Prosthesis
References
116 Soft Tissue Coverage of the Elbow
Introduction
Patient Assessment
Reconstructive Methods
References
117 Flaccid Dysfunction
Introduction
General Principles
Restoration of Elbow Flexion
Restoration of Elbow Extension
Tendon Transfer
Transfers for Restoration of Forearm Pronation
References
118 Spastic Dysfunction of the Elbow
Cerebral Palsy
Traumatic Brain Injury
Stroke and Head Trauma in Adults
Preoperative Evaluation
Treatment Options
Acknowledgment
References
119 Elbow Resection Arthroplasty
Introduction
Indications
Surgical Technique
Postoperative Immobilization and Care
Outcome
Summary
References
120 Elbow Disarticulation Amputation
Introduction
Demographics
Elbow Disarticulation Amputation
Amputation Surgery
Immediate Postamputation Management
Prosthetic Management
Functional Outcomes
Summary
References
Index

Bernard F. Morrey

Bernard F. Morrey, M.D., is a former NASA aerospace engineer, chair of Orthopedics and member of the Board of the Mayo Clinic. He is past President of the American Academy of Ortho Surgeons, of the American Orthopedic Assn, and of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons. He was chair of Trustees of Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery and Journal of Shoulder/Elbow Surgeons. He was the surgeon to Senior President and Mrs. Bush. He has 9 patents, has authored 15 major textbooks under four different titles and has over 440 peer-reviewed publications

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Orthopedics, Mayo Graduate School of Medicine, Professor of Orthopedics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas

Joaquin Sanchez Sotelo

Joaquin Sanchez-Sotelo, MD PhD practices as a Consultant in Orthopedic Surgery at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN, USA). Currently, Dr. Sanchez-Sotelo practices as Consultant in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at the Mayo Clinic, where he is actively involved in outpatient consultations, surgical procedures, research and teaching activities. Dr. Sanchez-Sotelo is also appointed as full Professor at the Mayo College of Medicine. He serves as Program Director for the Mayo Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Fellowship, and ViceChairman for the Division of Adult Reconstruction. He has been presented the Mayo Clinic Teacher of the Year Award on two separate occasions and has received other research recognitions in the past, including the Mark B. Coventry, Melvin Post, MidAmerica Orthopedic Association, Knee Society and AAOS Achievement’s Awards.

Affiliations and expertise

Consultant in Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

Mark E. Morrey

Mark E. Morrey, M.D., is a consultant in the Division of Adult Reconstruction, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Morrey has broad-based training in both orthopaedic basic science research, surgery and education methodology with an M.Sc. from Oxford University, an M.S. from Mayo Clinic in biomedical sciences and a master’s degree in education from Winona State University. Dr. Morrey provides mentorship and instruction to surgeons, residents and medical students and currently serves as the medical director of the procedural skills laboratory for Mayo Clinic for all procedural disciplines. He is the associate programme director and curriculum coordinator for orthopaedic surgery and holds master’s faculty privileges in Mayo Clinic’s Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences.

Affiliations and expertise

Consultant, Division of Adult Reconstruction, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota