Monodispersed Particles

Monodispersed Particles, Second Edition, covers all aspects of monodispersed particles, including inorganic and polymer particles and their composites. The book consists of four parts: fundamentals, preparation, analyses, and applications. Specifically, the fundamental part covers the theoretical insight into the surface energy of particles and its application to the formulation of the new theories of nucleation, growth and habit formation of monodispersed particles. In addition, the theories of recrystallization and solid-solution formation are introduced. These fundamental theories are applied to the precise control of their size, size distribution, shape, internal structure, and composition, leading to the design of diverse monodispersed functional particles widely used in basic science and modern industry.

This second edition is fully updated and revised, detailing new theories and recent progress in the field of nanoparticles, including advanced nucleation theory, arrested growth mechanism for monodispersed nanoparticles, and energetics of habit formation. Additionally, the text covers in-depth insights into the anisotropic growth of Au and Ag nanoparticles, the formation mechanisms of polycrystalline Au spheres, iron oxide nanoparticles in heat-up and hot-injection processes, amorphous TiO2 spheres in a sol-gel system, anatase TiO2 in a gel-sol system and their shape control, AgCl nanoparticles in a reverse micelle system, organic-inorganic hybrid liquid crystals, and extensive biomedical applications.

• Covers most of the known uniform particles, including inorganic and polymer particles and their composites
• Includes development of novel fundamental theories of formation mechanisms, full of the author's own original ideas, and detailed background discussion on recent progress in the feild of nanoparticles and the latest advances in their applications
• Features 2000 bibliographic references, providing a comprehensive guide to related study

Advanced academic specialists, post-graduate students in (materials) chemistry, chemical engineering, nanoscience and materials science; Researchers in industry dealing with particulate materials, including photosensitive materials, functional ceramics, magnetic materials, catalysts, pigments, fluorescent materials, liquid crystals, cosmetics, medicines and medical devices

Part 1 Fundamentals. Nucleation. Surface energy − the essential concept and its roles. Equilibrium concentrations of three-dimensional nuclei. Nucleation rate. The nucleation process in closed monodisperse systems. The nucleation process in open monodisperse systems. The nucleation process in arrested growth systems. The nucleation process in gel-sol systems. References. Growth. Equilibrium concentrations of two-dimensional nuclei. Nucleation rate of two-dimensional nuclei. Growth rate by surface reaction. Growth of polyhedral particles by surface reaction. Diffusion-controlled and reaction-controlled growth modes. Criteria for the distinction of growth modes. Arrested growth of monodispersed particles. Characteristics of the growth and dissolution processes. References. Habit Formation. Surface chemical potential of a crystal face. Stable forms. Roles of adsorptives in habit formation. References. Recrystallization. Phase transformation. Ostwald ripening. Self-recrystallization. Reversed Ostwald ripening. Contact recrystallization. References. Solid-Solution Formation. Equilibrium compositions. Conversion by intra-particle recrystallization. References. Part 2 Preparation. General Principles for the Formation of Monodispersed Particles. Separation of the nucleation and growth stages. Inhibition of random coagulation. Reserve of monomers. Choice of growth modes. Introduction of arrested growth mechanism. References. Monodispersed Systems. Classification of monodispersed systems. Homogeneous systems. Heterogeneous systems. References. Control of Particle Characteristics. Size control. Shape control. Internal structure control. Composition control. Layered structure control. Hollow structure control. Porous structure control. Heterojunction. References. Part 3 Analyses. Analyses of Formation Process. Electron microscopy. X-ray diffractometry. Infrared spectroscopy. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Potentiometry. Inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Gas chromatography. Ion chromatography. Radiochemical analysis. Seeding analysis. References. Characterization of Products. Transmission electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy. Electron diffractometry. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Powder X-ray diffractometry. Oriented particulate monolayer X-ray diffractometry. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Infrared spectroscopy. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Photon correlation spectroscopy. Turbidimetry. Coulter principle. References. Part 4 Applications. Application to Fundamental Studies. Determination of the Avogadro number. Measurement of zeta-potential. Determination of Hamaker constants. Measurement of interparticle forces. Studies of particle adhesion. Studies of colloidal ordering. Studies of light scattering. Studies of optoelectonic properties of fine particles. Studies of ionic properties of fine particles. Studies of magnetic properties of fine particles. References. Industrial Applications. Photographic materials. Ceramic materials. Magnetic recording materials. Catalysts. Pigments. Fluorescent materials. Organic-inorganic hybrid liquid crystals. References. Biomedical Applications. Properties of monodispersed nanoparticles used for biomedicine and their multifunctionalization. Cytological applications. Diagnostic applications in vitro. Diagnostic applications in vivo. Therapeutic applications. Roles of monodispersed particles. References. Appendix. Name Index. Subject Index.