Chapter One: Clinical Aspects of Glucose Metabolism and Chronic Disease
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- 3 Cardiovascular Disease
- 4 Chronic Kidney Disease
- 5 Sarcopenia
- 6 The Frailty Syndrome
- 7 Dementia
- 8 Exercise and Brain Metabolism
- 9 Pharmacological Treatments for Dementia
- 10 Reducing Chronic Disease Burden
Chapter Two: Therapeutic Strategies for Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Age-Related Metabolic Disorders
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Global Prevalence of Metabolic Disorders
- 3 Structure and Functions of Mitochondria
- 4 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Age-Related Metabolic Disorders
- 5 Strategies Directed to Target Mitochondrial Dysfunction
- 6 Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Three: MicroRNAs as Peripheral Biomarkers in Aging and Age-Related Diseases
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Circulatory miRNAs
- 3 miRNAs Secretion in Circulatory Biofluids
- 4 Circulatory miRNAs as Biomarkers in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases
- 5 Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Four: Molecular Links and Biomarkers of Stroke, Vascular Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Risk Factors for IS, VaD, and AD
- 3 Molecular Links and Pathways
- 4 Molecular Biomarkers
- 5 Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Five: MicroRNAs, Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Alzheimer's Disease
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Biogenesis and Regulation of miRNAs
- 3 miRNA, Aging, and Cellular Senescence
- 4 miRNAs, Cellular Senescence, and Pathways
- 5 miRNAs and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- 6 Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Six: Mitochondria-Targeted Molecules as Potential Drugs to Treat Patients With Alzheimer's Disease
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Aβ and Alzheimer's Disease
- 3 Phosphorylated Tau and Alzheimer's Disease
- 4 Synaptic Damage and Alzheimer's Disease
- 5 Decreased Glucose Metabolism and Alzheimer's Disease
- 6 Mitochondria and ROS in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease
- 7 Aβ and Phosphorylated Tau in Mitochondria
- 8 Natural Antioxidants and Mitochondrial Therapeutic Approaches to Alzheimer's Disease
- 9 Human Clinical Trials and Perspective Studies on Alzheimer's Disease
- 10 Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease Using Mitochondria-Targeted Molecules
- 11 Evidence Supporting Neuronal Function in MCAT Mice
- 12 Conclusions and Future Studies
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Seven: Mitochondrial-Targeted Catalase: Extended Longevity and the Roles in Various Disease Models
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Life Span and Healthspan Extension in Mice-Overexpressing Catalase
- 3 The Contribution of mCAT Mouse Models to the Study of Diseases
- 4 Pleotropic or Adverse Effects of mCAT Expression
- 5 Pharmacologic Analogs of mCAT Expression
Chapter Eight: Metabolic Syndrome and the Cellular Phase of Alzheimer's Disease
- Abstract
- 1 Alzheimer's Disease Is a Convergent Syndrome With Mixed Pathologies
- 2 Cellular Phase of AD
- 3 Cross Talk Between MetS and the Cellular Phase of AD
- 4 Targeting SIRT3 to Improve Metabolic Adaptation During the Cellular Phase of AD
- 5 Microglial Priming During MetS
- 6 Peripheral and Central Inflammation Connection
- 7 Overlap of VaD With AD
- 8 Neurovascular Unit Facilitates MetS–AD Cross Talk
- 9 Cerebral Ischemia and AD
Chapter Nine: Mitochondria, Cybrids, Aging, and Alzheimer's Disease
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Mitochondria and Aging
- 3 Mitochondria and Alzheimer's Disease
- 4 AD Cytoplasmic Hybrid (Cybrid) Studies
- 5 Conclusions
- Acknowledgment
Chapter Ten: The Kidney in Aging: Physiological Changes and Pathological Implications
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Evaluation of Renal Function
- 3 Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Disorders in Aging
- 4 Conclusions
Chapter Eleven: Mitochondrial Perturbation in Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Mitochondrial Function
- 3 Synaptic Mitochondrial Pathology in AD
- 4 Impact of CypD-Dependent mPTP on Mitochondrial Defects
- 5 Effect of Neuronal PreP Activity and RAGE Signaling on Mitochondrial Dysfunction
- 6 Effects of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase on Aβ Solubility and Mitochondrial Function
- 7 Impact of Mitochondrial Dynamics in MCI and AD
- 8 Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Diabetes
- 9 Conclusion