Modelling in the Technology of Wastewater Treatment

Nomenclature


1. Introduction


2. Critical Review of the Literature


2.1 The Primary Stage


2.1.1 Screens


2.1.2 Sand Traps


2.1.3 Settling Basins


2.1.4 Filters


2.2 Chemical Treatment


2.2.1 Flocculators


2.2.2 Clarifiers


2.2.3 Activated-Carbon Adsorption Devices


2.2.4 Extraction Equipment


2.2.5 Elutriation


2.2.6 Disinfection Units


2.3 Biological Treatment


2.3.1 Trickling Filters


2.3.2 Aeration Tanks


2.3.3 Rotating-Disc Biological Equipment


2.4 Sludge Treatment


2.4.1 Digesters


2.4.2 Thickeners


3. Applications of Similitude in Activated Sludge Treatment


3.1 Hydraulic Processes


3.2 On Modeling Turbulence Conditions


3.3 Oxygen Transfer Phenomena


3.4 Interrelations between Hydraulic and Oxygen Transfer Phenomena


3.5 Power Consumption


3.6 Similarity of Reaction Kinetics


3.7 Biological Similarity


3.8 Thermal Similarity


3.9 Technological Similarity


3.10 The Role of Recirculation


3.11 Partial and Full Similarity


3.12 Initial and Boundary Conditions


3.13 Scale Effect


3.14 Comments and Discussion


4. Economic Similarity


4.1 Formulation of the Problem


4.2 Review of Literature


4.3 Similitude and Scaling Considerations


4.4 Interpretation of the Constant and the Exponent A


4.5 Practical Determination of the Constants Involved in the Cost Functions


4.6 Possibilities of Further Generalization


4.7 Economic Similarity


4.8 Conclusions and Recommendations


5. General Conclusions

Literature

Subject Index