Mining Geophysics
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Mining Geophysics, Second Revised and Up-dated Edition serves as an introduction to the methods of ore mining and prospecting in the perspective of geophysics. The book explains the role of geophysics in ore prospecting; the collection and presentation of related data; and the location of ores through different methods such as the self-potential method, electromagnetic methods, induced polarized methods, seismic, and radioactive methods. The book also details the concepts and procedures behind said methods. The monograph is recommended for those in the mining industry who would like to know more about the methods of locating ores, as well as for geologists and geophysicists who aim to understand more and make studies about this phenomenon.
Table of Contents
Contents
Preface to the First Edition
Preface To the Second Edition
Chapter 1. The Role of Geophysics in Ore Prospecting
Chapter 2. General Aspects of the Collection and Presentation of Geophysical Data
Classification of Geophysical Methods
Radioactivity
Collection of Preliminary Information
Trial Surveys
Staking An Area
Field Measurements
Geophysical Maps
Isoanomaly Curves Or Contours
Profile Drawing
Interpretation
Chapter 3. Magnetic Methods
Introduction
Recalling Some Fundamental Concepts
Induced and Permanent Magnetism
General Magnetic Properties of Rocks
Susceptibilities of Rocks
Permanent Magnetization (Remanence) of Rocks
Measurement of Susceptibility and Remanence
The Geomagnetic Field
Magnetometers
Field Work
The Zero Level
An Orebody As A Magnet
Interpretation of Magnetic Anomalies
A Simple Example of A Magnetic Survey (U-Dal, Central Sweden)
Magnetic Survey In the E-o Orefield (Central Sweden)
Transverse Magnetization
A Simple Geometrical Construction For Determining the Position Of An Ore Sheet
Magnetic Effects of Broad Zones
The Greenstone Area of Loos (Sweden)
Vector Measurements
Example of Vector Measurements
Borehole Measurements
Note On Reverse Magnetic Anomalies
Chapter 4. the Self-Potential Method
Introduction
Origin of Self-Potentials
Measurement of Self-Potentials
Field Procedure
Examples of Sp Surveys
Chapter 5. Electromagnetic Methods
Introduction
Geometry of the Electromagnetic Field
The Tilt-Angle Method
Amplitude and Phase
The Phase Angle and the Vector Diagram
Real and Imaginary Components
Measurement of the Real and Imaginary Components
Classification of Electromagnetic Methods
Fixed-Source Methods
Loop Layouts
Moving Source—Receiver Methods
Examples of Moving Source—Receiver Surveys
Use of Two Frequencies In Electromagnetic Prospecting
Depth Penetration of Electromagnetic Methods
Afmag
H-Modevlf
Distortion of Anomalies Due To Magnetic Permeability
Chapter 6. Electrical Methods
Introduction
Resistivity
Resistivity of Rocks and Minerals
Apparatus
Commutation of Current
Classification of Electric Methods
Equipotential Method
Earth-Resistivity Methods
Apparent Resistivity
Electrode Configurations In Resistivity Methods
Electric Sounding
Electric Mapping
Mapping By Linear Current Electrodes (Theory)
Field Examples of Line-Electrode Mapping
The Mise-À-La-Masse Method
Potential-Drop Ratio and A.C. Potential Methods
Resistivity Measurements In Boreholes
Chapter 7. Induced Polarization Methods
Introduction
Origin of Induced Polarization
The Condenser Model
Effect of Alternating Current
Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain IP Methods
Measures of the IP Effect
Polarizability of Minerals and Rocks
Examples of IP Surveys
Interpretation of IP Results
Concluding Remarks Concerning the IP Method
Chapter 8. Gravity Methods
Introduction
Scope of the Gravity Method In Ore Prospecting
Some Difficulties
Absolute and Relative Gravity Measurements
Gravimeters
Field Procedure
Corrections To Gravimeter Observations
The Bouguer Anomaly
Density Determination
Interpretation of Gravity Anomalies
Key Variables of Gravity Interpretation
Gravity Profiles Across Simple Structures
Regional and Local Gravity Anomalies
Gravity Measurements On the Udden Sulphide Body (Sweden)
Effect of Overburden On Gravity Anomalies
Mass Estimates
A Further Example of A Gravity Survey
Underground and Shaft Measurements of Gravity
Second Vertical Derivatives of Gravity Anomalies
Chapter 9. Seismic Methods
Introduction
Types of Elastic Waves
Scope of Seismic Measurements In Ore Prospecting
Generation, Detection and Registration of Seismic Waves
The Reflection Method
The Refraction Method
Illustrations of Seismic Measurements In Ore Prospecting
Chapter 10. Radioactive Methods
Introduction
Scope of the Method
Radioactive Decay and Radioactive Equilibrium
Radioactivity of Rocks
Instruments and Field Procedure
Airborne Radioactive Prospecting
Chapter 11. Airborne Magnetic and Electromagnetic
Methods
Introduction
Limitations of Airborne Surveys
Magnetic Airborne Work
Examples
Interpretation of Aeromagnetic Maps
Airborne Electromagnetic Methods
Classification of Airborne E.M. Systems
Fixed-Separation Systems
Phase-Measuring Or Quadrature Systems
Input 3
Passive Airborne E.M. Systems
Depth-Penetration and Efficiency of Airborne E.M. Systems
Interpretation of Airborne Electromagnetic Anomalies
Example of An Airborne Survey
Chapter 12. Combination of Geophysical Methods
Introduction
The Location of Geophysical Indications
Examples of the Combination of Geophysical Methods
Appendix 1. Simple Method of Determining the Magnetic Susceptibility and Remanence of Approximately Spherical Rock and Ore Samples
Appendix 2. Magnetic Anomaly of Pole Systems
Appendix 3. the Magnetic Field of A Large Rectangular Loop Carrying An Electric Current
Appendix 4. Semi-Absolute Calculation of the Electromagnetic Field Components From Turam Reduced Ratios and Phase Differences
Appendix 5. Electric Potential Due To A Point and A Line Current Electrode Placed On the Surface of A Homogeneous Ground
Appendix 6. Method of Images
Appendix 7. Gravity Anomalies
Appendix 8. Depth Estimates of Some Simple Mass Shapes
Appendix 9. Notes On the Master Curves In Fig. 117 For Total Field Magnetic Anomalies
Appendix 10. Elliptic Polarization of the Electromagnetic Field
Appendix 11. Fortran Source-Programs For Calculating the Vertical Field Magnetic Anomaly Due To An Inclined Prism and the Gravity Anomaly of A Two-Dimensional Feature of Arbitrary, Uniform
Cross-Section
References
Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 414
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Elsevier 1973
- Published: January 1, 1973
- Imprint: Elsevier
- eBook ISBN: 9780444601858