Methods of Enzymatic analysis V4

Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Volume 4 reviews developments in the use of enzymes as tools in analytical biochemistry, including advances in assay techniques. It discusses the principles and methods for the elucidation of structures of enzymes, such as peptides, proteins, amino acids, fatty acid metabolites, lipids, steroids, nucleic acids, purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, and coenzymes. It also considers the isolation and characterization of active centers in enzymes. This volume is divided into four parts, each discussing a group of enzymes and their determination. Part I focuses on proteins, peptides, and amino acids including amines and amides. Part II is concerned with fatty acid metabolites, lipids, and steroids ranging from polyunsaturated fatty acids and lecithin to choline, acetylcholine, triglycerides, glycerol, acetoacetate, triacetate, fumarylacetoacetate, 20-ketosteroids, prostaglandins, bile acids, and cholesterol. Part III discusses nucleic acids, purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, coenzymes, and related compounds, whereas Part IV looks at other substrates and effectors such as inorganic phosphate. The book concludes with a chapter on metabolites and their concentrations in animal tissues. Biochemists as well as students and researchers working in the field of analytical biochemistry will find this book highly informative.

Preface

From the Preface to the 1st Edition

Volume I

Contents

Contributors

Abbreviations

Section A: General Introduction

I. The Importance of Enzymatic Analysis

1. in Biochemistry

2. in Medicine

3. in Foodstuff Chemistry

4. in Botany and Agricultural Chemistry

5. in Microbiology

II. Principles of Enzymatic Analysis

1. Introduction

2. Reaction Kinetics

3. Determination of Concentration of Metabolites (End-point Methods)

4. Determination of Enzyme Activities

5. Determination of Concentrations by Kinetic Methods

6. Kinetics of "Enzymatic Cycling"

7. Visualization of NAD(P)-dependent Reactions

8. Determination of Michaelis Constants and Inhibitor Constants

III. Experimental Techniques

1. Handling of Biochemical Reagents and Samples

2. Methods of Measurement and Instruments Used

3. Evaluation of Experimental Results

IV. Statistical Analysis, Control and Assessment of Experimental Results

1. Introduction

2. Statistical Concepts and Methods

3. Quality Control

4. Assessment of Results

V. Cell and Tissue Disintegration

1. General

2. Methods for Animal Tissue and Micro-organisms

3. Methods for Plant Tissues

Section B: Biochemical Reagents

I. Reagents for Enzymatic Analysis

1. Nomenclature and Standardization

2. Quality Requirements

3. Suppliers of Biochemical Reagents

II. Enzymes as Biochemical Reagents

III. Coenzymes, Metabolites and other Biochemical Reagents

IV. Complete Reagent Kits

1. For Determination of Metabolites

2. For Determination of Enzyme Activities

3. Main Manufacturers and Suppliers

Index

Volume II

Contents

Contributors

Abbreviations

Section C: Methods for Determination of Enzyme Activity

I. Oxidoreductases

1. Sorbitol Dehydrogenase

2. Lactate Dehydrogenases

3. Malate Dehydrogenase

4. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

5. 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase

6. Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase

7. Xanthine Oxidase

8. Glutamate Dehydrogenase

9. Diamine Oxidase

10. Dihydrofolate Reductase (Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase)

11. Catalase

12. Peroxidases

II. Transferases

1. Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase

2. Transamidinase

3. Transketolase

4. Transaldolase

5. γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase

6. UDP-Glucuronyltransferase

7. Aminotransferases and Related Enzymes

8. Phosphotransferases

III. Hydrolases

1. Esterases

2. Glycoside Hydrolases

3. Peptidases and Proteinases

4. Other C-N splitting Hydrolases

IV. Lyases, Isomerases, Ligases

1. Fructose-1,6-diphosphate Aldolase

2. 1-Phosphofructoaldolase

3. Glucosephosphate Isomerase

4. Tetrahydrofolate Formylase

Index

Volume III

Contents

Contributors

Abbreviations

Section D. Methods for Determination of Metabolites

I. Carbohydrate Metabolites

1. Poly-, Oligo- and Disaccharides

2. Monosaccharides and Derivatives

3. Three Carbon compounds

4. Two and One Carbon Compounds

II. Citric Acid Cycle Metabolites

1. Citrate

2. Isocitrate

3. 2-Oxoglutarate

4. L-(—)-Malate

5. L-Malate and Fumarate

6. Oxaloacetate

7. Succinate

8. Maleate

Index

Volume IV

Contents

Contributors

Abbreviations

III. Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids

1. Proteins and Peptides

2. Amino Acids, Amines and Amides

IV. Fatty Acid Metabolites, Lipids and Steroids

1. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

2. Lecithin

3. Acetylcholine and Choline

4. Triglycerides and Glycerol Determination after Alkaline Hydrolysis

5. Triglycerides, Determination after Enzymatic Hydrolysis

6. D-(—)-3-Hydroxybutyrate

7. Acetoacetate

8. Triacetate and Fumarylacetoacetate

9. Hydrolysis of Steroid Conjugates

10. 20-Ketosteroids

11. Steroid Alcohols in Urine

12. Prostaglandins

13. Bile Acids

14. Cholesterol and Esterified Cholesterol

V. Nucleic Acids, Purines, Pyrimidines, Nucleosides, Coenzymes and Related Compounds

1. Nucleic Acids and Polyribonucleotides

2. Purines, Pyrimidines and Nucleosides

3. Nucleotides, Coenzymes and Related Compounds

4. Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars and Derivatives

VI. Other Substrates and Effectors

1. Inorganic Phosphate

2. Inorganic Pyrophosphate

3. Inorganic Peroxides

4. Organophosphorus and Carbamate Insecticides

5. Nitrate

Concentrations of Metabolites in Animal Tissues

1. Glycogen, Glucose and Glycolytic Intermediates

2. Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates

3. Amino Acids and Ammonia

4. Pentose Phosphate Pathway Intermediates

5. Coenzyme A and Intermediates of Lipid Metabolism

6. Adenosine and other Nucleotides

7. Nicotinamide-Adenine Dinucleotides

8. Creatine Phosphate, Creatine, Inorganic Pyrophosphate and Phosphate

Index