Martensitic Transformation

Preface to English EditionPreface to Japanese Edition1 Introduction to Martensite and Martensitic Transformation 1.1 Martensite in Carbon Steels 1.2 Characteristics of Martensite in Steel 1.3 General Characteristics and Definition of Martensite Reference2 Crystallography of Martensite (General) 2.1 Introduction 2.2 f.c.c. (γ) to b.c.c. or b.c.t. (α') (Iron Alloys) 2.3 f.c.c. to h.c.p. (Mainly in Cobalt Alloys and Ferrous Alloys) 2.4 b.c.c to h.c.p. (Mainly Titanium Alloys and Zirconium Alloys) 2.5 Close-Packed Layer Structures of Martensites Produced from β Phase in noble-metal-base Alloys 2.6 Martensitic Transformation Behavior of the second-order Transition 2.7 Tables of Crystallographic Properties of Various Martensites References3 Crystallography of Martensites—Special Phenomena 3.1 Kinds of Imperfections in Martensite Lattices 3.2 Amount of Lattice Imperfections in Martensite Measured by Diffraction 3.3 Lattice Imperfections Due to Interstitial Atoms 3.4 Initial Stage of the Formation of Martensite Crystal 3.5 Single-Interface Growth of Martensite 3.6 Rubberlike Elasticity of Martensite 3.7 f.c.c. Martensite Produced by Reverse Transformation 3.8 The γ -> ε' -> ε -> κ' -αm Mechanism of the Course of Martensitic Transformation in Steels References4 Transformation Temperature and Rate of Martensite Formation 4.1 Chemical Free Energy Changes in Transformations 4.2 Nonchemical Free Energy for Martensitic Transformation 4.3 Transformation Temperature 4.4 Transformation Velocity 4.5 The Martensite Nucleus and Isothermal Martensite 4.6 Adiabatic Nature of the Formation of Athermal Martensite References5 Conditions for Martensite Formation and Stabilization of Austenite 5.1 Effect of Pressure (Hydrostatic Pressure) 5.2 Stress-Induced Transformation 5.3 Effect of Lattice Defects Existing Before Transformation 5.4 Effect of Ausforming on Transformation Temperature and Mechanical Stabilization of Austenite 5.5 Effect of an Intense Magnetic Field 5.6 Effect of Superlattice Formation on Ms Temperature 5.7 Stabilization (Mainly Thermal) of Austenite References6 The Crystallographic Theory of Martensitic Transformations 6.1 Early Theories on the Mechanism of Martensitic Transformations 6.2 Introduction to the Crystallographic Phenomenological Theory 6.3 Fundamentals of Analysis of Crystallography of Martensitic Transformation by Matrix Algebra 6.4 Improvements in the Phenomenological Theory 6.5 Dislocation Theories on the Habit of Martensite 6.6 Supplementary Evidence on the Crystallographic Phenomenological Theory 6.7 Correlation of Elastic Anisotropy with the Temperature of Martensitic Transformation 6.8 Conclusions—Problems for Study ReferencesAuthor IndexSubject Index