Lipoprotein Kinetics and Modeling

Contributors

Preface

A Tribute

I. Theory


1 Kinetic Analysis and Modeling: Theory and Applications to Lipoproteins

I. Physiological Systems and Models

II. Detailed Mechanistic (Compartmental) Models

III. Special Mathematical Methods

IV. Lipoprotein System

References


2 The Role of Kinetic Modeling in Physiology

Text

References

II. Apoprotein B


3 Apoprotein B Kinetics in Man: Concepts and Questions

I. Experimental Considerations in Modeling ApoB

II. A 1980 Model of ApoB Metabolism

III. The Focus on ApoB in the 1980s

References


4 Very Low Density Lipoprotein Kinetics in Familial Forms of Hypertriglyceridemia

I. Introduction

II. Methods

III. Results

IV. Discussion

References


5 β-Apolipoprotein Secretion in Man: Investigation by Analysis of 75Se-Labeled Amino Acid Incorporation into Apoprotein

I. Introduction

II. Methods

III. Discussion

Appendix

References


6 The Use of Kinetics in Investigating the Metabolism of Very Low and Intermediate Density Lipoproteins

I. Introduction

II. Classification

III. Methods

IV. Kinetics

V. Discussion

References


7 Deconvolution Analysis of the Conversion of VLDL Apoprotein B to LDL Apoprotein B

I. Subjects

II. Methods

III. Sample Analysis

IV. Calculations

V. Results

VI. Discussion

References


8 Compartmental Models for the Study of Apoprotein B Catabolism in Man

I. Introduction

II. Methods

III. Model Development

IV. Results

V. Discussion

References


9 Heterogeneity of Low Density Lipoproteins: Kinetic Analysis of Asialated Lipoproteins

I. Introduction

II. Methods and Results

III. Discussion

References


10 Molecular and Kinetic Nonidentity of Two Apoprotein B Peptide Classes in Rat Plasma VLDL, IDL, and LDL

I. Introduction

II. Experimental

III. Results and Discussion

IV. Conclusion

References


11 Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Activity in Man

I. Introduction

II. Preparation and Chemical Modification of Labeled LDL

III. Is Chemically Modified LDL an Appropriate Tracer for the Measurement of Receptor-Independent Catabolism?

IV. Human Turnover Studies

V. Receptor-Mediated LDL Catabolism in Normal and FH Subjects

VI. Effects of Cholestyramine on Receptor-Mediated LDL Catabolism in FH Heterozygotes

References


12 Kinetics of Low Density Lipoproteins Labeled with [14C]Sucrose: Theoretical Basis of a Method for Tracing the Sites of Apoprotein Degradation in Vivo

I. Introduction

II. Theory of Trapped Labels

III. A Practical Problem Associated with Trapped Labels

IV. Results of Computer Simulations [14C]Sucrose-LDL Metabolism

V. Conclusions

References


13 Kinetics of Apolipoprotein B in Normal and Hyperlipidemic Man: Review of Current Data

I. Turnover of VLDL-ApoB

II. Turnover of LDL-ApoB (Apo-LDL)

III. Normal Subjects

IV. Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH)

V. Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia (FCHL) and Familial Hypertriglyceridemia (FHTG)

VI. Unclassified Hypertriglyceridemia

References


14 What Is β-VLDL?

I. β-VLDL of Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia

II. Kinetic Definition of β-VLDL

III. Small α2-VLDL and IDL

IV. "Normal" β-VLDL

V. VLDL "Remnants"

VI. Intermediate Lipoproteins

VII. β-VLDL of Cholesterol-Fed Animals

VIII. Cellular Metabolism of Intermediate Lipoproteins and β-VLDL

References

III. Triglycerides


15 Models of Plasma Lipoprotein Triglyceride Kinetics: A Critical Review

I. Radiolabeled Precursors

II. Delipidation Cascade

III. Potential Information in Phospholipid Turnover Data

IV. VLDL Synthesis

V. Importance of Collecting Data for Several Precursors

VI. Slow Components (“Tails") in VLDL-TG Activity

VII. A Slow Production Pathway

VIII. An Alternative to the Slow Production Pathway

References


16 A Model of VLDL Metabolism Based on Its Heterogeneity

I. VLDL-Triglyceride Catabolism in Vivo

II. VLDL-Triglyceride Production

III. Model

References


17 Triglyceride Exchanges and Transfers: Their Role in the Kinetics of Plasma Triglyceride Transport

Text

References


18 Triglyceride Kinetics: Experimental Problems Related to Modeling

Text

References


19 Are Plasma Triglyceride Concentrations Explained by Saturation Kinetics?

I. What Are Saturation Kinetics?

II. What Is the Postulated Role of Saturation Kinetics in the Development of Hypertriglyceridemia?

III. What Is the Evidence for and against Saturation Kinetics as an Explanation for Hypertriglyceridemia?

IV. What Constitutes a Removal Defect for VLDL-TG?

References


20 Studies of Very Low Density Lipoprotein Triglyceride Metabolism in the Pima Indians

I. Summary

II. Introduction

III. Experimental Methods

IV. Results and Discussion

References


21 HDL Triglyceride Kinetics and Exchanges with VLDL in Vivo

I. Introduction

II. Studies

III. Modeling of Exchange between HDL-TG and VLDL-TG

IV. Results

V. Discussion

References

IV. Cholesterol


22 Cholesterol Kinetics and Modeling: Introduction

Text

References


23 A Mathematical Model for Cholesterol Kinetics

I. Model Development

II. Cholesterol Models

III. Model Indeterminacy

IV. Analysis of Data from Precursor Injection

V. Analysis of Specific Activity Data Arising from Injection of Labeled Cholesterol

VI. Analysis of Specific Activity Data Arising from Injection of Labeled Precursor of Cholesterol

VII. Simplified Sampling Schedule

VIII. General Model

IX. Special Problems in Nonlinear Models

References


24 Determination of Total Body Cholesterol: Input-Output Analysis versus Compartmental Analysis

I. General Assumptions

II. Curve Fitting

III. Length of Experiment

IV. Validity of Model

V. Summary

References


25 Cholesterol Disposal in Man: Special Role of HDL Free Cholesterol

I. Background

II. Composition of the Bile Acid and Biliary Cholesterol Precursor Pools

III. Characterization of the Lipoprotein Free Cholesterol Source of Biliary Steroids

IV. Other Roles of HDL Cholesterol

References


26 A Model of Plasma Esterified Cholesterol Metabolism: The Role of Esterified Cholesterol Transfer and Exchanges between Plasma Lipoproteins

I. Model A

II. Model B

References


27 Role of Isotopes for Determining Absorption of Cholesterol in Man

I. Percentage Absorption of Isotopic Cholesterol

II. Mass Absorption of Dietary Cholesterol

III. Net Mass Absorption of Total Intestinal Cholesterol

IV. The Issue of Isotopic Exchange

V. Summary

References

V. High Density Apoproteins


28 The Kinetics of High Density Lipoprotein Metabolism in Man: An Overview

Text

References


29 The Development of a Model for HDL Metabolism: A Strategy in Modeling

Text

References


30 Metabolism of Apolipoproteins A-I and A-II in Man: Methods, Kinetic Models, and Turnover Rates

I. Methods for Estimation of Turnover of A-I and A-II by Isotopic Techniques

II. Determination of Specific Activities of A-I and A-II

III. Kinetic Analysis of Specific Activity Curves of A-I and A-II

IV. Metabolism of A-I and A-II in Normal Subjects

V. Hyperlipidemia

VI. Tangier Disease

VII. Dietary Perturbation

References


31 Apoprotein C Kinetics

Text

References


32 A Possible Interpretation of Apoprotein E Kinetics in Man

I. Introduction

II. Results

References

VI. Special Techniques


33 KABIS (Kinetic Analysis by Interactive Simulation)

Introduction

References


34 An Efficient Program for Estimation of Kinetic Parameters in a Model of Very Low Density Lipoprotein Triglyceride Metabolism

I. Description of the Model

II. Analytical Solution of the Model

III. Comparison with Solution by Numerical Integration

IV. Nonlinear Regression Using the Model

References


35 CONSAM (Conversational Version of the SAAM Modeling Program)

I. Introduction

II. Structure of CONSAM

III. CONSAM Commands

IV. Modeling Tasks Accomplished Using CONSAM

V. Example of Use of CONSAM in Modeling LDL-B Kinetic Data

References


36 A Reduced Model for Very Low Density Lipoprotein Triglyceride Metabolism

I. Introduction

II. Methods

III. Model Development

IV. Results

V. Discussion

Appendix

References


37 Sensitivity in Compartmental Models

I. Sensitivity Theory

II. Some Sensitivity Identities

III. Examples

IV. Summary

References

Index