Learning About Learning Disabilities

Dedication

List of Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1. Classification and Identification of Learning Disabilities

Introduction

Classification Issues in LD

Neurological Models Of LD

Cognitive Models

Instructional Models

A Hybrid Approach to LD Identification

Conclusions

Acknowledgment

REFERENCES

Chapter 2. Learning Disabilities and Memory

Introduction

A Historical Perspective

Understanding Memory Differences for Students with LD

Everyday Memory

Memory Intervention

Summary and Conclusions

REFERENCES

Chapter 3. Brain and Behavioral Response to Intervention for Specific Reading, Writing, and Math Disabilities: What Works for Whom?

Learning about the Brain

Brain Differences of Individuals with and without SLDS

Behavioral and Brain Response to Intervention (RTI)

Individual, Developmental, Gender, Language, and Cultural Differences

Conclusions and Recommendations

REFERENCES

Appendix

Chapter 4. Social Relationships: The 4th R

Self-Perceptions

Peer Relationships

Parenting and Family Relationships

Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties

Interventions in the Affective and Social Domain

Conclusions and Implications

Acknowledgment

REFERENCES

Chapter 5. Self-Regulation among Students with LD and ADHD

Defining and Understanding Self-Regulation

Theoretical Bases for Research on Self-Regulation

Common Self-Regulation Processes: Application with Students with LD and ADHD

Self-Regulation and Major Dependent Variables

Factors Influencing and Influenced by Self-Regulation

Self-Regulation of Strategic Performance

Conclusion

REFERENCES

Chapter 6. Reading Interventions for Students in Early Primary Grades

Introduction

Overview of Literacy Development

Effective Instruction for Students with Reading Difficulties

Assessment

Summary

REFERENCES

Chapter 7. Highlights in Reading Comprehension Intervention Research for Students with Learning Disabilities

Introduction

Reading Comprehension for Students with Learning Disabilities

Impact of Decoding and Fluency on Comprehension

Narrative Text

Expository Text

Peer-Assisted Intervention in the Inclusive Classroom

Discussion

REFERENCES

Chapter 8. Instructional Interventions for Students with Mathematics Learning Disabilities

Introduction

Learning Disabilities and Mathematics Achievement

Behavioral Interventions on Computation

Response to Intervention Research in Math

What are Evidence-Based Math Practices?

Discussion and Future Directions

REFERENCES

Chapter 9. Writing Instruction

Introduction

Goals of Writing Instruction

General Recommendations for Writing Instruction

Writing Instruction for Students with LD and other Struggling Writers

Concluding Comments

REFERENCES

Chapter 10. Assessment and Interventions for English Language Learners with Learning Disabilities

Introduction

Historical Perspective

Contextual Considerations

Language Development

The Simple View of Reading

ELLs’ Literacy Development in English

LD Subtypes in ELLs

Assessment

Do L1-Based Interventions Work for ELLs?

Conclusion

REFERENCES

Chapter 11. Improving Outcomes for Adolescents with Learning Disabilities

Introduction

Summary of Research Findings on Adolescents with LD

An Integrated Intervention Framework for Struggling Adolescent Learners

Future Directions

REFERENCES

Chapter 12. Effective Instruction for History and the Social Studies: What Works for Students with Learning Disabilities

What are the Social Studies?

Traditional Approaches for Teaching History and Social Studies

Instructional Approaches for Learning from Textbooks

Reform Approaches to History Instruction

Discussion and Recommendations

REFERENCES

Chapter 13. Navigating the Postsecondary Landscape

Navigating the Postsecondary Landscape

Academic Issues

Social-Emotional Issues

Motivational Issues

Promising Initiatives for Postsecondary Students with Learning Disabilities

REFERENCES

Chapter 14. Special Education Curriculum in an Era of High Standards

Introduction

The Direct Instruction Framework

The Strategy Instruction Framework

Constructivist Oriented Curriculum Framework

Special Education Curriculum and the Era of High Standards

Conclusion: Fostering Adaptive Expertise

REFERENCES

Chapter 15. Included, but Underserved: Rediscovering Special Education for Students with Learning Disabilities

Introduction

Educating Students with LD in the Context of General Education Policy

Policies that Govern Instruction for Students with LD

Research that Guides Instruction for Students with LD

What Classrooms are Like for Students with LD

Ensuring Equal Access to High Quality Education

Conclusion

REFERENCES

Index